Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

  1. Positioning Principles
    1. Range Measurement Fundamentals
      1. Time-of-Flight Concept
        1. Pseudorange Definition
          1. Code Phase Measurement
            1. Carrier Phase Measurement
            2. Geometric Positioning
              1. Trilateration Principles
                1. Two-Dimensional Positioning
                  1. Three-Dimensional Positioning
                    1. Hyperbolic Positioning
                    2. Clock Bias Determination
                      1. Receiver Clock Error
                        1. Four-Satellite Solution
                          1. Clock Synchronization Methods

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                        4. GNSS Signal Structure and Processing

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                        6. Major GNSS Constellations