Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

  1. GNSS Applications
    1. Transportation and Navigation
      1. Automotive Navigation
        1. In-Vehicle Systems
          1. Smartphone Applications
            1. Traffic Management
            2. Aviation Applications
              1. En-Route Navigation
                1. Terminal Area Navigation
                  1. Precision Approaches
                    1. Performance-Based Navigation
                    2. Maritime Navigation
                      1. Vessel Positioning
                        1. Port Operations
                          1. Offshore Activities
                          2. Rail Transportation
                            1. Train Control Systems
                              1. Asset Tracking
                            2. Surveying and Mapping
                              1. Geodetic Surveying
                                1. Cadastral Mapping
                                  1. Construction Layout
                                    1. Geographic Information Systems
                                      1. Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
                                      2. Timing and Synchronization
                                        1. Telecommunications
                                          1. Network Synchronization
                                            1. Base Station Timing
                                            2. Financial Services
                                              1. Transaction Time Stamping
                                                1. High-Frequency Trading
                                                2. Power Grid Synchronization
                                                  1. Scientific Timing Applications
                                                  2. Earth Sciences and Environmental Monitoring
                                                    1. Atmospheric Studies
                                                      1. Water Vapor Monitoring
                                                        1. Ionospheric Research
                                                          1. Weather Prediction
                                                          2. Geophysical Applications
                                                            1. Earthquake Monitoring
                                                              1. Crustal Deformation
                                                                1. Volcano Monitoring
                                                                2. Oceanographic Studies
                                                                  1. Sea Level Monitoring
                                                                    1. Ocean Current Tracking
                                                                  2. Agriculture and Precision Farming
                                                                    1. Variable Rate Application
                                                                      1. Field Mapping and Boundaries
                                                                        1. Automated Machinery Guidance
                                                                          1. Crop Monitoring
                                                                            1. Livestock Tracking
                                                                            2. Emergency Services and Public Safety
                                                                              1. Emergency Response Coordination
                                                                                1. Search and Rescue Operations
                                                                                  1. Disaster Management
                                                                                    1. Location-Based Emergency Services
                                                                                    2. Commercial and Industrial Applications
                                                                                      1. Fleet Management
                                                                                        1. Asset Tracking
                                                                                          1. Supply Chain Management
                                                                                            1. Construction and Mining
                                                                                              1. Utilities Management

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                                                                                            9. High-Precision GNSS Techniques

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                                                                                            11. GNSS Vulnerabilities and Security