Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

  1. Fundamental Concepts
    1. Coordinate Systems and Reference Frames
      1. Geodetic Reference Systems
        1. Earth Shape Models
          1. Ellipsoid Parameters
            1. Geoid Definition
            2. World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84)
              1. System Parameters
                1. GPS Implementation
                  1. Global Applications
                  2. International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)
                    1. Definition and Maintenance
                      1. Relationship to WGS 84
                        1. Scientific Applications
                        2. Coordinate Representations
                          1. Geographic Coordinates
                            1. Cartesian Coordinates
                              1. Height Systems
                                1. Coordinate Transformations
                              2. Time Systems in GNSS
                                1. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
                                  1. Definition and Standards
                                    1. Leap Second Implementation
                                      1. International Coordination
                                      2. GNSS Time Systems
                                        1. GPS Time (GPST)
                                          1. GLONASS Time
                                            1. Galileo System Time (GST)
                                              1. BeiDou Time (BDT)
                                                1. Time System Relationships
                                                2. Atomic Timekeeping
                                                  1. Atomic Clock Principles
                                                    1. Cesium Frequency Standards
                                                      1. Rubidium Oscillators
                                                        1. Hydrogen Maser Clocks
                                                          1. Clock Stability and Accuracy
                                                        2. Orbital Mechanics Fundamentals
                                                          1. Kepler's Laws
                                                            1. First Law of Elliptical Orbits
                                                              1. Second Law of Equal Areas
                                                                1. Third Law of Orbital Periods
                                                                2. Satellite Orbital Elements
                                                                  1. Semi-Major Axis
                                                                    1. Eccentricity
                                                                      1. Inclination
                                                                        1. Right Ascension of Ascending Node
                                                                          1. Argument of Perigee
                                                                            1. True Anomaly
                                                                            2. Orbit Classifications
                                                                              1. Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
                                                                                1. Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
                                                                                  1. Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
                                                                                  2. GNSS Constellation Design
                                                                                    1. MEO Characteristics for GNSS
                                                                                      1. Orbital Plane Distribution
                                                                                        1. Ground Track Patterns
                                                                                          1. Coverage Optimization

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                                                                                      1. Introduction to GNSS

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                                                                                      3. GNSS System Architecture