Geomorphology

  1. Weathering Processes and Products
    1. Physical Weathering
      1. Frost Action
        1. Freeze-Thaw Cycles
          1. Frost Wedging
            1. Frost Shattering
            2. Salt Weathering
              1. Salt Crystal Growth
                1. Salt Hydration
                2. Thermal Weathering
                  1. Thermal Expansion
                    1. Thermal Contraction
                      1. Insolation Weathering
                      2. Pressure Release
                        1. Exfoliation
                          1. Sheeting
                            1. Unloading
                            2. Wetting and Drying
                              1. Clay Expansion
                                1. Clay Contraction
                              2. Chemical Weathering
                                1. Solution Processes
                                  1. Congruent Solution
                                    1. Incongruent Solution
                                    2. Hydrolysis
                                      1. Feldspar Hydrolysis
                                        1. Clay Mineral Formation
                                        2. Oxidation and Reduction
                                          1. Iron Oxidation
                                            1. Redox Reactions
                                            2. Carbonation
                                              1. Carbonic Acid Formation
                                                1. Carbonate Dissolution
                                                2. Hydration
                                                  1. Mineral Hydration
                                                    1. Volume Changes
                                                  2. Biological Weathering
                                                    1. Root Wedging
                                                      1. Animal Burrowing
                                                        1. Organic Acid Production
                                                          1. Lichen Activity
                                                            1. Microbial Weathering
                                                              1. Biochemical Processes
                                                              2. Weathering Products
                                                                1. Saprolite Formation
                                                                  1. Clay Mineral Development
                                                                    1. Secondary Mineral Formation
                                                                      1. Spheroidal Weathering
                                                                        1. Weathering Profiles
                                                                          1. Duricrusts
                                                                            1. Calcrete
                                                                              1. Silcrete
                                                                                1. Ferricrete
                                                                              2. Factors Controlling Weathering
                                                                                1. Climate Influence
                                                                                  1. Temperature Effects
                                                                                    1. Precipitation Effects
                                                                                      1. Humidity Effects
                                                                                      2. Rock Type Influence
                                                                                        1. Structural Controls
                                                                                          1. Time Factors
                                                                                            1. Topographic Effects

                                                                                          Previous

                                                                                          2. Endogenic Processes and Tectonic Geomorphology

                                                                                          Go to top

                                                                                          Next

                                                                                          4. Mass Wasting and Slope Processes