Gene Regulation

  1. Translational and Post-Translational Control
    1. Translational Regulation Mechanisms
      1. Global Translation Control
        1. eIF2 Phosphorylation
          1. Stress Response Pathways
            1. Integrated Stress Response
            2. mTOR Pathway Regulation
              1. Nutrient Sensing
                1. Growth Factor Signaling
                  1. S6K1 and 4E-BP1 Targets
                2. mRNA-Specific Translation Control
                  1. 5' UTR Regulatory Elements
                    1. Upstream Open Reading Frames
                      1. Secondary Structure Effects
                        1. Iron Response Elements
                        2. 3' UTR Regulatory Elements
                          1. AU-Rich Elements
                            1. miRNA Binding Sites
                            2. Internal Ribosome Entry Sites
                              1. Cap-Independent Initiation
                                1. Stress Response Translation
                              2. RNA-Binding Protein Regulation
                                1. Sequence-Specific Recognition
                                  1. Translation Enhancement
                                    1. Translation Repression
                                      1. Stress Granule Formation
                                    2. Post-Translational Modifications
                                      1. Protein Folding and Quality Control
                                        1. Molecular Chaperones
                                          1. Heat Shock Proteins
                                            1. Chaperonin Systems
                                            2. Protein Misfolding Responses
                                              1. Unfolded Protein Response
                                                1. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
                                              2. Covalent Protein Modifications
                                                1. Phosphorylation
                                                  1. Serine/Threonine Kinases
                                                    1. Tyrosine Kinases
                                                      1. Protein Phosphatases
                                                        1. Signaling Cascades
                                                        2. Ubiquitination
                                                          1. E1 Activating Enzymes
                                                            1. E2 Conjugating Enzymes
                                                              1. E3 Ligases
                                                                1. Degradation Signals
                                                                2. SUMOylation
                                                                  1. SUMO Conjugation Pathway
                                                                    1. Nuclear Protein Regulation
                                                                      1. Transcriptional Effects
                                                                      2. Acetylation
                                                                        1. Lysine Acetyltransferases
                                                                          1. Protein Deacetylases
                                                                            1. Metabolic Regulation
                                                                            2. Methylation
                                                                              1. Protein Methyltransferases
                                                                                1. Arginine and Lysine Methylation
                                                                                2. Glycosylation
                                                                                  1. N-Linked Glycosylation
                                                                                    1. O-Linked Glycosylation
                                                                                      1. Protein Trafficking
                                                                                    2. Proteolytic Processing
                                                                                      1. Signal Peptide Cleavage
                                                                                        1. Zymogen Activation
                                                                                          1. Regulatory Cleavage Events
                                                                                        2. Protein Degradation Systems
                                                                                          1. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
                                                                                            1. 26S Proteasome Structure
                                                                                              1. Substrate Recognition
                                                                                                1. Degradation Mechanisms
                                                                                                  1. Cell Cycle Regulation
                                                                                                  2. Autophagy Pathways
                                                                                                    1. Macroautophagy
                                                                                                      1. Microautophagy
                                                                                                        1. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy
                                                                                                          1. Lysosomal Degradation
                                                                                                          2. Regulated Protein Degradation
                                                                                                            1. Conditional Degradation
                                                                                                              1. Stress-Induced Degradation
                                                                                                                1. Developmental Protein Clearance

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                                                                                                            6. RNA-Mediated Gene Regulation

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                                                                                                            8. Gene Regulation in Development and Disease