Flutter Framework

Flutter is an open-source UI toolkit developed by Google for building beautiful, natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase. It utilizes the Dart programming language and a declarative approach, where the entire interface is constructed from a comprehensive set of customizable building blocks known as widgets. This architecture enables developers to create highly expressive and flexible user interfaces with excellent performance, while features like hot reload significantly accelerate the development and iteration process, making it a powerful tool within modern mobile application development.

1. Introduction to Flutter and Dart
   1. Overview of Flutter
      1. Definition and Purpose
      2. History and Evolution
      3. Core Philosophy
      4. Single Codebase for Multiple Platforms
      5. Natively Compiled Performance
      6. Supported Platforms
         1. Android
         2. iOS
         3. Web
         4. Desktop (Windows, macOS, Linux)
         5. Embedded Systems
   2. Advantages of Using Flutter
      1. Fast Development
         1. Hot Reload
         2. Hot Restart
         3. Rapid Prototyping
      2. Expressive and Flexible UI
         1. Customizable Widgets
         2. Rich Set of Prebuilt Widgets
         3. Material Design and Cupertino Support
      3. Excellent Performance
         1. Native Compilation
         2. GPU-Accelerated Rendering
         3. 60fps Performance
      4. Growing Community and Ecosystem
         1. Open Source Contributions
         2. Package and Plugin Availability
         3. Corporate Backing by Google
   3. Flutter Architecture Overview
      1. High-Level Architecture
      2. The Flutter Engine
         1. Role and Components
         2. Skia Graphics Engine
         3. Dart Runtime
         4. Platform Channels
      3. The Foundation Library
         1. Core Classes and Utilities
         2. Platform Abstractions
      4. Widgets and Rendering Pipeline
         1. Widget Layer
         2. Element Tree
         3. Render Objects
         4. Painting and Layout
         5. Compositing
   4. Introduction to the Dart Programming Language
      1. History and Purpose
         1. Origins and Development
         2. Role in Flutter
         3. Design Goals
      2. Key Language Features
         1. Type Safety
            1. Sound Null Safety
            2. Static Type Checking
         2. Object-Oriented Nature
            1. Classes and Inheritance
            2. Interfaces and Mixins
            3. Abstract Classes
         3. Asynchronous Support
            1. Futures
            2. Streams
            3. async/await Syntax
            4. Isolates
      3. Basic Dart Syntax
         1. Variables and Data Types
            1. Primitive Types
            2. Collections (List, Set, Map)
            3. Dynamic and Object Types
         2. Functions and Parameters
            1. Named and Optional Parameters
            2. Arrow Functions
            3. Higher-Order Functions
         3. Control Flow Statements
            1. if/else
            2. switch/case
            3. for, while, do-while Loops
            4. break and continue
         4. Classes and Objects
            1. Constructors
            2. Methods
            3. Getters and Setters
            4. Static Members
            5. Factory Constructors
         5. Error Handling
            1. try/catch/finally
            2. Custom Exceptions