Fiber Optics

9.

Fiber Optic Sensing Systems

9.1.

Sensing Principles

9.1.1.

Optical Parameter Modulation

9.1.2.

Environmental Sensitivity

9.1.3.

Distributed vs Point Sensing

9.1.4.

Multiplexing Capabilities

9.2.

Sensor Classifications

9.2.1.

Intrinsic Sensors

9.2.1.1.

Fiber as Sensing Element

9.2.1.2.

Modal Interference

9.2.1.3.

Polarization Changes

9.2.2.

Extrinsic Sensors

9.2.2.1.

Fiber as Light Guide

9.2.2.2.

External Transduction

9.2.2.3.

Hybrid Configurations

9.3.

Sensing Mechanisms

9.3.1.

Intensity Modulation

9.3.1.1.

Microbending Sensors

9.3.1.2.

Displacement Sensors

9.3.1.3.

Liquid Level Sensors

9.3.2.

Phase Modulation

9.3.2.1.

Interferometric Sensors

9.3.2.2.

Mach-Zehnder Configuration

9.3.2.3.

Michelson Configuration

9.3.2.4.

Fabry-Perot Configuration

9.3.3.

Wavelength Modulation

9.3.3.1.

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

9.3.3.2.

Long-Period Grating Sensors

9.3.3.3.

Etalon-Based Sensors

9.3.4.

Polarization Modulation

9.3.4.1.

Birefringence Changes

9.3.4.2.

Current Sensing

9.3.4.3.

Magnetic Field Sensing

9.4.

Measurable Parameters

9.4.1.

Temperature Sensing

9.4.1.1.

Distributed Temperature Sensing

9.4.1.2.

Point Temperature Measurement

9.4.1.3.

High-Temperature Applications

9.4.2.

Strain and Stress Sensing

9.4.2.1.

Structural Health Monitoring

9.4.2.2.

Load Monitoring

9.4.2.3.

Fatigue Detection

9.4.3.

Pressure Sensing

9.4.3.1.

Diaphragm-Based Sensors

9.4.3.2.

Fabry-Perot Pressure Sensors

9.4.4.

Chemical and Biological Sensing

9.4.4.1.

Evanescent Wave Sensors

9.4.4.2.

Surface Plasmon Resonance

9.4.4.3.

Fluorescence-Based Sensing

9.4.5.

Rotation Sensing

9.4.5.1.

Fiber Optic Gyroscopes

9.4.5.2.

9.4.5.3.

Ring Laser Gyroscopes

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8. Fiber Optic Communication Systems

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10. Manufacturing and Processing