Fiber Optics

  1. Signal Degradation Mechanisms
    1. Attenuation
      1. Intrinsic Loss Mechanisms
        1. Material Absorption
          1. Electronic Absorption
            1. Vibrational Absorption
              1. Infrared Absorption Tail
                1. Ultraviolet Absorption Edge
                2. Rayleigh Scattering
                  1. Physical Mechanism
                    1. Wavelength Dependence
                      1. Material Density Fluctuations
                      2. Impurity Absorption
                        1. Transition Metal Ions
                          1. Hydroxyl Ion Absorption
                            1. Water Peak at 1383 nm
                          2. Extrinsic Loss Mechanisms
                            1. Macrobending Losses
                              1. Critical Bend Radius
                                1. Wavelength Dependence
                                  1. Mode-Dependent Losses
                                  2. Microbending Losses
                                    1. Stress-Induced Perturbations
                                      1. Cable Design Impact
                                        1. Environmental Factors
                                        2. Splice and Connector Losses
                                          1. Insertion Loss
                                            1. Return Loss
                                              1. Alignment Tolerances
                                          2. Dispersion
                                            1. Chromatic Dispersion
                                              1. Material Dispersion
                                                1. Wavelength-Dependent Refractive Index
                                                  1. Sellmeier Equation
                                                  2. Waveguide Dispersion
                                                    1. Geometric Effects
                                                      1. Mode Field Confinement
                                                      2. Total Chromatic Dispersion
                                                        1. Dispersion Parameter
                                                          1. Zero Dispersion Wavelength
                                                        2. Polarization Mode Dispersion
                                                          1. Birefringence Sources
                                                            1. Differential Group Delay
                                                              1. Statistical Nature
                                                                1. System Impact
                                                              2. Nonlinear Effects
                                                                1. Kerr Effect
                                                                  1. Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index
                                                                    1. Nonlinear Coefficient
                                                                    2. Stimulated Scattering
                                                                      1. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
                                                                        1. Threshold Power
                                                                          1. Frequency Shift
                                                                            1. Mitigation Techniques
                                                                            2. Stimulated Raman Scattering
                                                                              1. Gain Spectrum
                                                                                1. Power Transfer
                                                                                  1. WDM System Impact
                                                                                2. Phase Modulation Effects
                                                                                  1. Self-Phase Modulation
                                                                                    1. Spectral Broadening
                                                                                      1. Chirp Generation
                                                                                      2. Cross-Phase Modulation
                                                                                        1. Channel Interaction
                                                                                          1. WDM System Penalties
                                                                                        2. Four-Wave Mixing
                                                                                          1. Phase Matching Conditions
                                                                                            1. Efficiency Factors
                                                                                              1. Channel Spacing Impact

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                                                                                          5. Light Propagation Theory

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                                                                                          7. Fiber Optic System Components