Fiber Optics

5.

Light Propagation Theory

5.1.

Wave Propagation in Optical Fibers

5.1.1.

Maxwell's Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates

5.1.2.

Boundary Conditions

5.1.3.

Wave Equation Solutions

5.2.

5.2.1.

Guided Mode Concept

5.2.2.

Mode Orthogonality

5.2.3.

Mode Normalization

5.2.4.

Transverse Electric and Magnetic Modes

5.2.5.

5.2.6.

Linearly Polarized Mode Approximation

5.3.

Single-Mode Fiber Propagation

5.3.1.

Fundamental Mode Properties

5.3.2.

Mode Field Distribution

5.3.3.

Effective Index

5.3.4.

Propagation Constant

5.4.

Multimode Fiber Propagation

5.4.1.

Higher-Order Modes

5.4.2.

5.4.3.

Equilibrium Mode Distribution

5.4.4.

Overfilled vs Underfilled Launch

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6. Signal Degradation Mechanisms