Fiber Optics

4.

Types of Optical Fibers

4.1.

Classification by Refractive Index Profile

4.1.1.

Step-Index Fibers

4.1.1.1.

Index Profile Characteristics

4.1.1.2.

Light Propagation Mechanism

4.1.1.3.

Modal Dispersion Effects

4.1.2.

Graded-Index Fibers

4.1.2.1.

Parabolic Index Profile

4.1.2.2.

Self-Focusing Mechanism

4.1.2.3.

Reduced Modal Dispersion

4.1.2.4.

Performance Advantages

4.2.

Classification by Mode Propagation

4.2.1.

Single-Mode Fibers

4.2.1.1.

Core Diameter Range

4.2.1.2.

Operating Wavelength Windows

4.2.1.3.

Dispersion Characteristics

4.2.1.4.

Long-Distance Applications

4.2.2.

Multimode Fibers

4.2.2.1.

Core Diameter Specifications

4.2.2.2.

Step-Index Multimode

4.2.2.3.

Graded-Index Multimode

4.2.2.4.

Short-Distance Applications

4.3.

Specialty Fiber Types

4.3.1.

Polarization-Maintaining Fibers

4.3.1.1.

Birefringence Mechanisms

4.3.1.2.

Stress-Induced Birefringence

4.3.1.3.

Geometric Birefringence

4.3.1.4.

Applications in Sensing

4.3.2.

Dispersion-Shifted Fibers

4.3.2.1.

Zero Dispersion Wavelength Shifting

4.3.2.2.

Design Principles

4.3.2.3.

WDM System Applications

4.3.3.

Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fibers

4.3.3.1.

Residual Dispersion Benefits

4.3.3.2.

Nonlinear Effect Suppression

4.3.4.

Photonic Crystal Fibers

4.3.4.1.

Microstructured Design

4.3.4.2.

Air-Hole Patterns

4.3.4.3.

Unique Propagation Properties

4.3.5.

Hollow-Core Fibers

4.3.5.1.

Air-Core Guidance

4.3.5.2.

Photonic Bandgap Mechanism

4.3.5.3.

Low Latency Applications

4.3.6.

Bend-Insensitive Fibers

4.3.6.1.

Trench-Assisted Design

4.3.6.2.

Reduced Macrobending Losses

4.3.6.3.

Installation Advantages

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3. Optical Fiber Structure and Materials

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5. Light Propagation Theory