Excitable Cell Physiology

  1. Sensory Transduction
    1. General Principles of Transduction
      1. Stimulus Energy Conversion
        1. Physical to Electrical
          1. Chemical to Electrical
            1. Energy Transformation
            2. Receptor Potentials
              1. Graded Nature
                1. Amplitude Coding
                  1. Frequency Coding
                  2. Adaptation Mechanisms
                    1. Receptor Adaptation
                      1. Tonic and Phasic Responses
                        1. Sensory Coding
                      2. Mechanotransduction
                        1. Mechanosensitive Channels
                          1. Channel Structure
                            1. Force Transmission
                              1. Gating Mechanisms
                              2. Touch and Pressure
                                1. Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors
                                  1. Pacinian Corpuscles
                                    1. Merkel Discs
                                      1. Ruffini Endings
                                      2. Hearing and Balance
                                        1. Hair Cell Structure
                                          1. Stereocilia
                                            1. Mechanotransduction Channels
                                              1. Cochlear Mechanics
                                                1. Vestibular Function
                                                2. Proprioception
                                                  1. Muscle Spindles
                                                    1. Golgi Tendon Organs
                                                      1. Joint Receptors
                                                    2. Chemotransduction
                                                      1. Olfactory Transduction
                                                        1. Odorant Receptors
                                                          1. G-Protein Coupling
                                                            1. cAMP Signaling
                                                              1. Calcium-Activated Channels
                                                              2. Gustatory Transduction
                                                                1. Taste Receptor Types
                                                                  1. Sweet and Bitter Receptors
                                                                    1. Salt and Sour Transduction
                                                                      1. Umami Receptors
                                                                      2. Chemical Nociception
                                                                        1. Nociceptor Activation
                                                                          1. Inflammatory Mediators
                                                                            1. Sensitization Mechanisms
                                                                          2. Phototransduction
                                                                            1. Photoreceptor Structure
                                                                              1. Rods and Cones
                                                                                1. Outer Segments
                                                                                  1. Disc Membranes
                                                                                  2. Visual Pigments
                                                                                    1. Rhodopsin Structure
                                                                                      1. Opsin Proteins
                                                                                        1. Retinal Chromophore
                                                                                        2. Transduction Cascade
                                                                                          1. Light Absorption
                                                                                            1. Rhodopsin Activation
                                                                                              1. Transducin Coupling
                                                                                                1. Phosphodiesterase Activation
                                                                                                  1. cGMP Hydrolysis
                                                                                                    1. Channel Closure
                                                                                                    2. Light Adaptation
                                                                                                      1. Calcium Feedback
                                                                                                        1. Rhodopsin Kinase
                                                                                                          1. Arrestin Binding
                                                                                                          2. Color Vision
                                                                                                            1. Cone Opsin Types
                                                                                                              1. Spectral Sensitivity
                                                                                                                1. Color Processing
                                                                                                              2. Thermotransduction
                                                                                                                1. Temperature-Sensitive Channels
                                                                                                                  1. TRP Channel Family
                                                                                                                    1. TRPV1 (Heat)
                                                                                                                      1. TRPM8 (Cold)
                                                                                                                        1. Temperature Thresholds
                                                                                                                        2. Thermal Nociception
                                                                                                                          1. Noxious Heat Detection
                                                                                                                            1. Cold Pain
                                                                                                                              1. Thermal Hyperalgesia
                                                                                                                            2. Nociception
                                                                                                                              1. Nociceptor Types
                                                                                                                                1. A-delta Fibers
                                                                                                                                  1. C Fibers
                                                                                                                                    1. Polymodal Nociceptors
                                                                                                                                    2. Transduction Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                      1. Mechanical Nociception
                                                                                                                                        1. Thermal Nociception
                                                                                                                                          1. Chemical Nociception
                                                                                                                                          2. Sensitization
                                                                                                                                            1. Peripheral Sensitization
                                                                                                                                              1. Central Sensitization
                                                                                                                                                1. Inflammatory Pain
                                                                                                                                                2. Pain Modulation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Descending Control
                                                                                                                                                    1. Gate Control Theory
                                                                                                                                                      1. Endogenous Opioids

                                                                                                                                                  Previous

                                                                                                                                                  7. Excitation-Contraction Coupling

                                                                                                                                                  Go to top

                                                                                                                                                  Next

                                                                                                                                                  9. Pathophysiology and Pharmacology