Excitable Cell Physiology

  1. Excitation-Contraction Coupling
    1. Skeletal Muscle E-C Coupling
      1. Neuromuscular Junction
        1. Motor End Plate Structure
          1. Acetylcholine Release
            1. Nicotinic Receptor Activation
              1. End-Plate Potential Generation
                1. Safety Factor
                2. Muscle Fiber Structure
                  1. Sarcomere Organization
                    1. Thick Filaments (Myosin)
                      1. Thin Filaments (Actin)
                        1. Regulatory Proteins
                        2. Z-lines and M-lines
                          1. A-band and I-band
                          2. T-tubule System
                            1. Transverse Tubules
                              1. Action Potential Propagation
                                1. Membrane Invaginations
                                  1. Triad Formation
                                  2. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
                                    1. Calcium Storage
                                      1. Terminal Cisternae
                                        1. Longitudinal Tubules
                                        2. Calcium Release Mechanism
                                          1. Dihydropyridine Receptors
                                            1. Voltage Sensors
                                              1. L-type Calcium Channels
                                                1. Mechanical Coupling
                                                2. Ryanodine Receptors
                                                  1. Calcium Release Channels
                                                    1. Foot Proteins
                                                      1. Calcium-Induced Calcium Release
                                                    2. Contractile Mechanism
                                                      1. Calcium Binding to Troponin
                                                        1. Troponin C
                                                          1. Conformational Changes
                                                          2. Tropomyosin Movement
                                                            1. Myosin Binding Site Exposure
                                                            2. Cross-Bridge Cycle
                                                              1. ATP Hydrolysis
                                                                1. Myosin Head Binding
                                                                  1. Power Stroke
                                                                    1. ADP Release
                                                                      1. ATP Binding and Detachment
                                                                    2. Muscle Relaxation
                                                                      1. Calcium Reuptake
                                                                        1. SERCA Pump
                                                                          1. ATP Dependence
                                                                          2. Troponin-Tropomyosin Reset
                                                                            1. Cross-Bridge Detachment
                                                                          3. Cardiac Muscle E-C Coupling
                                                                            1. Cardiac Muscle Structure
                                                                              1. Intercalated Discs
                                                                                1. Gap Junctions
                                                                                  1. Desmosomes
                                                                                    1. Adherens Junctions
                                                                                    2. Branched Fiber Network
                                                                                      1. Single Nucleus per Cell
                                                                                      2. Cardiac Action Potential
                                                                                        1. Pacemaker Cells
                                                                                          1. Spontaneous Depolarization
                                                                                            1. If Current
                                                                                              1. Calcium Clock
                                                                                              2. Ventricular Myocytes
                                                                                                1. Fast Sodium Channels
                                                                                                  1. Plateau Phase
                                                                                                    1. L-type Calcium Channels
                                                                                                      1. Potassium Repolarization
                                                                                                    2. Calcium-Induced Calcium Release
                                                                                                      1. Trigger Calcium
                                                                                                        1. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Release
                                                                                                          1. Calcium Amplification
                                                                                                            1. Graded Release
                                                                                                            2. Contractile Regulation
                                                                                                              1. Troponin-Tropomyosin System
                                                                                                                1. Calcium Sensitivity
                                                                                                                  1. Force-Frequency Relationship
                                                                                                                  2. Cardiac Relaxation
                                                                                                                    1. Calcium Removal
                                                                                                                      1. Sodium-Calcium Exchanger
                                                                                                                        1. SERCA Activity
                                                                                                                          1. Diastolic Function
                                                                                                                        2. Smooth Muscle E-C Coupling
                                                                                                                          1. Smooth Muscle Structure
                                                                                                                            1. Single Nucleus
                                                                                                                              1. No Sarcomeres
                                                                                                                                1. Dense Bodies
                                                                                                                                  1. Calmodulin System
                                                                                                                                  2. Excitation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                    1. Electrical Excitation
                                                                                                                                      1. Pharmacomechanical Coupling
                                                                                                                                        1. Stretch Activation
                                                                                                                                        2. Calcium Sources
                                                                                                                                          1. Extracellular Calcium
                                                                                                                                            1. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
                                                                                                                                              1. Calcium Stores
                                                                                                                                              2. Contractile Mechanism
                                                                                                                                                1. Calmodulin Binding
                                                                                                                                                  1. Myosin Light Chain Kinase
                                                                                                                                                    1. Calcium-Calmodulin Activation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Myosin Phosphorylation
                                                                                                                                                      2. Cross-Bridge Cycling
                                                                                                                                                        1. Phosphorylated Myosin
                                                                                                                                                          1. Actin Binding
                                                                                                                                                            1. Force Generation
                                                                                                                                                          2. Relaxation Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                            1. Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase
                                                                                                                                                              1. Calcium Removal
                                                                                                                                                                1. Latch State
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Energy Efficiency

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                                                                                                                                                              6. Synaptic Transmission

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                                                                                                                                                              8. Sensory Transduction