Environmental Chemistry

  1. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Solutions
    1. Principles of Green Chemistry
      1. Waste Prevention
        1. Source Reduction
          1. Process Efficiency
            1. Atom Economy
            2. Safer Chemical Design
              1. Inherent Safety
                1. Biodegradability
                  1. Reduced Toxicity
                  2. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries
                    1. Solvent Selection
                      1. Solvent-free Processes
                        1. Aqueous Systems
                        2. Energy Efficiency
                          1. Ambient Conditions
                            1. Renewable Energy
                              1. Process Intensification
                              2. Renewable Feedstocks
                                1. Biomass Utilization
                                  1. Agricultural Waste
                                    1. Carbon Dioxide Utilization
                                    2. Catalysis
                                      1. Homogeneous Catalysis
                                        1. Heterogeneous Catalysis
                                          1. Biocatalysis
                                          2. Design for Degradation
                                            1. Biodegradable Materials
                                              1. Photodegradable Materials
                                                1. Controlled Degradation
                                              2. Green Chemistry Applications
                                                1. Alternative Solvents
                                                  1. Water as Solvent
                                                    1. Aqueous Reactions
                                                      1. Phase Transfer Catalysis
                                                      2. Supercritical Fluids
                                                        1. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
                                                          1. Extraction Applications
                                                            1. Reaction Media
                                                            2. Ionic Liquids
                                                              1. Properties and Applications
                                                                1. Environmental Considerations
                                                              2. Green Synthetic Methods
                                                                1. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
                                                                  1. Energy Efficiency
                                                                    1. Reaction Rate Enhancement
                                                                    2. Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis
                                                                      1. Cavitation Effects
                                                                        1. Process Intensification
                                                                        2. Photochemical Synthesis
                                                                          1. Solar Energy Utilization
                                                                            1. Selective Reactions
                                                                          2. Biocatalysis
                                                                            1. Enzyme Applications
                                                                              1. Industrial Processes
                                                                                1. Environmental Remediation
                                                                                2. Whole Cell Biocatalysis
                                                                                  1. Microbial Transformations
                                                                                    1. Metabolic Engineering
                                                                                3. Sustainable Energy Technologies
                                                                                  1. Biofuels
                                                                                    1. Bioethanol
                                                                                      1. Feedstock Sources
                                                                                        1. Production Processes
                                                                                          1. Environmental Impact
                                                                                          2. Biodiesel
                                                                                            1. Transesterification
                                                                                              1. Feedstock Options
                                                                                                1. Life Cycle Assessment
                                                                                                2. Biogas
                                                                                                  1. Anaerobic Digestion
                                                                                                    1. Methane Production
                                                                                                      1. Upgrading Technologies
                                                                                                    2. Solar Energy
                                                                                                      1. Photovoltaic Cells
                                                                                                        1. Silicon Technology
                                                                                                          1. Thin Film Technologies
                                                                                                            1. Organic Photovoltaics
                                                                                                            2. Solar Thermal
                                                                                                              1. Heat Collection
                                                                                                                1. Energy Storage
                                                                                                              2. Fuel Cells
                                                                                                                1. Hydrogen Fuel Cells
                                                                                                                  1. Proton Exchange Membrane
                                                                                                                    1. Alkaline Fuel Cells
                                                                                                                      1. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
                                                                                                                      2. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
                                                                                                                        1. Microbial Fuel Cells
                                                                                                                          1. Bioelectrochemical Systems
                                                                                                                            1. Wastewater Treatment Applications
                                                                                                                        2. Waste Management and Recycling
                                                                                                                          1. Waste Hierarchy
                                                                                                                            1. Reduction
                                                                                                                              1. Source Reduction Strategies
                                                                                                                                1. Design for Environment
                                                                                                                                2. Reuse
                                                                                                                                  1. Product Life Extension
                                                                                                                                    1. Material Recovery
                                                                                                                                    2. Recycling
                                                                                                                                      1. Material Separation
                                                                                                                                        1. Reprocessing Technologies
                                                                                                                                        2. Recovery
                                                                                                                                          1. Energy Recovery
                                                                                                                                            1. Material Recovery
                                                                                                                                            2. Disposal
                                                                                                                                              1. Landfill Management
                                                                                                                                                1. Hazardous Waste Treatment
                                                                                                                                              2. Recycling Technologies
                                                                                                                                                1. Metal Recycling
                                                                                                                                                  1. Aluminum Recovery
                                                                                                                                                    1. Steel Recycling
                                                                                                                                                      1. Precious Metal Recovery
                                                                                                                                                        1. Hydrometallurgy
                                                                                                                                                          1. Pyrometallurgy
                                                                                                                                                          2. Plastic Recycling
                                                                                                                                                            1. Mechanical Recycling
                                                                                                                                                              1. Chemical Recycling
                                                                                                                                                                1. Polymer Identification
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Contamination Issues
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Paper Recycling
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Deinking Processes
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Fiber Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Quality Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Glass Recycling
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Cullet Processing
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Color Separation
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Energy Savings
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Waste-to-Energy Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Incineration
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Combustion Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Emission Control
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Energy Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Gasification
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Syngas Production
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Tar Management
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Pyrolysis
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Thermal Decomposition
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Product Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Process Optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Landfill Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Waste Decomposition
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Aerobic Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Anaerobic Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Methanogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Leachate Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Composition Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Treatment Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Groundwater Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Gas Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Methane Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Carbon Dioxide Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Gas Collection Systems

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                                                                                                                                                                                                          7. Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry

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                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Introduction to Environmental Chemistry