Entomology

  1. Insect Systematics, Taxonomy, and Evolution
    1. Principles of Classification
      1. Linnaean Hierarchy
        1. Kingdom
          1. Phylum
            1. Class
              1. Order
                1. Family
                  1. Genus
                    1. Species
                      1. Subspecies
                      2. Phylogenetic Systematics
                        1. Cladograms and Phylogenetic Trees
                          1. Monophyly
                            1. Paraphyly
                              1. Polyphyly
                                1. Character States
                                2. Morphological Data in Classification
                                  1. Homology and Homoplasy
                                    1. Character Coding
                                    2. Molecular Data in Classification
                                      1. DNA Sequences
                                        1. Protein Sequences
                                          1. Phylogenetic Analysis
                                        2. Major Orders of Insects
                                          1. Apterygota
                                            1. Archaeognatha
                                              1. Diagnostic Features
                                                1. Biology and Ecology
                                                2. Zygentoma
                                                  1. Diagnostic Features
                                                    1. Biology and Ecology
                                                  2. Paleoptera
                                                    1. Ephemeroptera
                                                      1. Diagnostic Features
                                                        1. Life Cycle
                                                          1. Ecological Importance
                                                          2. Odonata
                                                            1. Diagnostic Features
                                                              1. Life Cycle
                                                                1. Predatory Behavior
                                                              2. Neoptera
                                                                1. Polyneoptera
                                                                  1. Blattodea
                                                                    1. Cockroaches
                                                                      1. Termites
                                                                      2. Mantodea
                                                                        1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                          1. Predatory Adaptations
                                                                          2. Orthoptera
                                                                            1. Grasshoppers
                                                                              1. Crickets
                                                                                1. Katydids
                                                                                2. Phasmatodea
                                                                                  1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                                    1. Camouflage Strategies
                                                                                    2. Dermaptera
                                                                                      1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                                        1. Biology and Ecology
                                                                                      2. Paraneoptera
                                                                                        1. Psocodea
                                                                                          1. Barklice
                                                                                            1. True Lice
                                                                                            2. Thysanoptera
                                                                                              1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                                                1. Feeding Mechanisms
                                                                                                2. Hemiptera
                                                                                                  1. True Bugs
                                                                                                    1. Aphids
                                                                                                      1. Cicadas
                                                                                                        1. Scale Insects
                                                                                                      2. Holometabola
                                                                                                        1. Coleoptera
                                                                                                          1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                                                            1. Diversity and Ecology
                                                                                                              1. Major Families
                                                                                                              2. Diptera
                                                                                                                1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                                                                  1. Life Cycles
                                                                                                                    1. Major Families
                                                                                                                    2. Hymenoptera
                                                                                                                      1. Ants
                                                                                                                        1. Bees
                                                                                                                          1. Wasps
                                                                                                                            1. Parasitoids
                                                                                                                            2. Lepidoptera
                                                                                                                              1. Butterflies
                                                                                                                                1. Moths
                                                                                                                                  1. Life Cycles
                                                                                                                                  2. Neuroptera
                                                                                                                                    1. Lacewings
                                                                                                                                      1. Antlions
                                                                                                                                        1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                                                                                        2. Siphonaptera
                                                                                                                                          1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                                                                                            1. Parasitic Adaptations
                                                                                                                                            2. Trichoptera
                                                                                                                                              1. Diagnostic Features
                                                                                                                                                1. Aquatic Larvae
                                                                                                                                          2. Insect Evolution and Phylogeny
                                                                                                                                            1. The Insect Fossil Record
                                                                                                                                              1. Major Fossil Sites
                                                                                                                                                1. Key Transitional Fossils
                                                                                                                                                  1. Preservation Types
                                                                                                                                                  2. Origin of Insects
                                                                                                                                                    1. Ancestral Arthropods
                                                                                                                                                      1. Early Terrestrial Adaptations
                                                                                                                                                        1. Hexapod Origins
                                                                                                                                                        2. Evolution of Flight
                                                                                                                                                          1. Theories of Wing Origin
                                                                                                                                                            1. Gill Plate Theory
                                                                                                                                                              1. Paranotal Theory
                                                                                                                                                                1. Dual Origin Theory
                                                                                                                                                                2. Evolutionary Advantages of Flight
                                                                                                                                                                3. Co-evolution with Angiosperms
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pollinator-Plant Relationships
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diversification Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Mutual Adaptations
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Adaptive Radiation and Diversification
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Major Evolutionary Radiations
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Ecological Niches
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Speciation Mechanisms

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                                                                                                                                                                        3. Insect Physiology and Development

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                                                                                                                                                                        5. Insect Ecology