Entomology

3.

Insect Physiology and Development

3.1.

Growth and Metamorphosis

3.1.1.

Molting Process and Instars

3.1.1.1.

Ecdysis Sequence

3.1.1.2.

Instar Characteristics

3.1.1.3.

Growth Patterns

3.1.2.

Ametabolous Development

3.1.2.1.

Life Cycle Stages

3.1.2.2.

Examples of Ametabolous Insects

3.1.2.3.

Adaptive Significance

3.1.3.

Hemimetabolous Development

3.1.3.1.

3.1.3.2.

3.1.3.3.

3.1.3.4.

Examples of Hemimetabolous Insects

3.1.3.5.

Ecological Advantages

3.1.4.

Holometabolous Development

3.1.4.1.

3.1.4.2.

3.1.4.2.1.

Eruciform Larvae

3.1.4.2.2.

Scarabaeiform Larvae

3.1.4.2.3.

Campodeiform Larvae

3.1.4.2.4.

Elateriform Larvae

3.1.4.2.5.

Vermiform Larvae

3.1.4.3.

3.1.4.3.1.

3.1.4.3.2.

3.1.4.3.3.

Coarctate Pupae

3.1.4.3.4.

3.1.4.4.

3.1.4.5.

Examples of Holometabolous Insects

3.1.4.6.

Evolutionary Advantages

3.2.

Sensory Systems and Perception

3.2.1.

3.2.1.1.

Structure of Compound Eyes

3.2.1.1.1.

Apposition Eyes

3.2.1.1.2.

Superposition Eyes

3.2.1.2.

Function of Ocelli

3.2.1.3.

3.2.1.4.

Ultraviolet Perception

3.2.1.5.

Polarized Light Detection

3.2.1.6.

Motion Detection

3.2.2.

Chemical Sensing

3.2.2.1.

Olfactory Organs

3.2.2.1.1.

Antennal Receptors

3.2.2.1.2.

Maxillary Palps

3.2.2.2.

Gustatory Receptors

3.2.2.2.1.

Contact Chemoreceptors

3.2.2.2.2.

Tarsal Receptors

3.2.2.3.

Role in Behavior

3.2.2.3.1.

3.2.2.3.2.

3.2.2.3.3.

Host Recognition

3.2.3.

Mechanical Sensing

3.2.3.1.

Tactile Receptors

3.2.3.1.1.

Trichoid Sensilla

3.2.3.1.2.

Campaniform Sensilla

3.2.3.2.

3.2.3.2.1.

Chordotonal Organs

3.2.3.2.2.

Stretch Receptors

3.2.3.3.

Auditory Organs

3.2.3.3.1.

Tympanal Organs

3.2.3.3.2.

Johnston's Organ

3.2.3.3.3.

Subgenual Organs

3.2.4.

Thermoreception and Hygroreception

3.2.4.1.

Temperature Sensing

3.2.4.1.1.

Thermoreceptors

3.2.4.1.2.

Behavioral Thermoregulation

3.2.4.2.

Humidity Sensing

3.2.4.2.1.

3.2.4.2.2.

3.3.

Insect Behavior

3.3.1.

Innate Behavior

3.3.1.1.

Fixed Action Patterns

3.3.1.2.

3.3.1.3.

Taxes and Kineses

3.3.2.

Learned Behavior

3.3.2.1.

3.3.2.2.

Classical Conditioning

3.3.2.3.

Operant Conditioning

3.3.2.4.

Spatial Learning

3.3.3.

3.3.3.1.

Chemical Communication

3.3.3.1.1.

3.3.3.1.2.

3.3.3.1.3.

3.3.3.1.4.

3.3.3.2.

Visual Communication

3.3.3.2.1.

Bioluminescence

3.3.3.2.2.

Coloration and Signaling

3.3.3.2.3.

Pattern Recognition

3.3.3.3.

Auditory Communication

3.3.3.3.1.

3.3.3.3.2.

3.3.3.3.3.

Drumming and Tapping

3.3.3.3.4.

3.3.3.4.

Tactile Communication

3.3.3.4.1.

Antennal Contact

3.3.3.4.2.

Vibrational Signals

3.3.4.

Foraging and Feeding Behavior

3.3.4.1.

Host Plant Selection

3.3.4.2.

Predatory Behavior

3.3.4.3.

Scavenging Behavior

3.3.4.4.

Optimal Foraging Theory

3.3.5.

Mating and Reproduction Behavior

3.3.5.1.

Courtship Rituals

3.3.5.2.

Mate Selection Mechanisms

3.3.5.3.

Oviposition Strategies

3.3.5.4.

3.3.5.5.

Territorial Behavior

3.3.6.

Social Behavior

3.3.6.1.

Subsocial Behavior

3.3.6.2.

Quasisocial Behavior

3.3.6.3.

3.3.6.3.1.

3.3.6.3.1.1.

3.3.6.3.1.2.

3.3.6.3.1.3.

3.3.6.3.1.4.

3.3.6.3.2.

Division of Labor

3.3.6.3.3.

Communication in Social Insects

3.3.6.3.3.1.

3.3.6.3.3.2.

Trail Pheromones

3.3.6.3.3.3.

Alarm Pheromones

3.3.6.3.4.

3.3.6.3.4.1.

3.3.6.3.4.2.

3.3.6.3.4.3.

3.3.6.3.4.4.

3.3.7.

Defensive Strategies

3.3.7.1.

3.3.7.1.1.

Cryptic Coloration

3.3.7.1.2.

Disruptive Coloration

3.3.7.2.

3.3.7.2.1.

Batesian Mimicry

3.3.7.2.2.

Müllerian Mimicry

3.3.7.2.3.

Aggressive Mimicry

3.3.7.3.

3.3.7.3.1.

Warning Coloration

3.3.7.3.2.

3.3.7.4.

Chemical Defenses

3.3.7.4.1.

Toxic Compounds

3.3.7.4.2.

Repellent Secretions

3.3.7.5.

Behavioral Defenses

3.3.7.5.1.

Startle Responses

3.3.7.5.2.

3.3.7.5.3.

Escape Behaviors

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2. Insect Anatomy and Morphology

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4. Insect Systematics, Taxonomy, and Evolution