Economic Growth and Development

  1. Development Strategies and Policies
    1. The Role of the State in Development
      1. Market Failures vs. Government Failures
        1. Public Goods Provision
          1. Externalities
            1. Information Asymmetries
              1. Government Capacity
              2. The Developmental State Model
                1. State-Led Development
                  1. Industrial Policy
                    1. East Asian Experiences
                      1. Japan
                        1. South Korea
                          1. Taiwan
                            1. Singapore
                            2. State-Led Industrialization
                              1. Strategic Industries
                                1. Export Promotion
                              2. Regulatory Frameworks
                                1. Competition Policy
                                  1. Financial Regulation
                                    1. Environmental Regulation
                                  2. Trade Policies
                                    1. Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)
                                      1. Rationale and Theory
                                        1. Infant Industry Protection
                                          1. Balance of Payments
                                          2. Policy Implementation
                                            1. Tariff Protection
                                              1. Import Licensing
                                                1. Exchange Controls
                                                2. Outcomes and Criticisms
                                                  1. Inefficiency
                                                    1. Rent-Seeking
                                                      1. Export Pessimism
                                                    2. Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI)
                                                      1. Export Promotion Strategy
                                                        1. Policy Tools
                                                          1. Export Subsidies
                                                            1. Export Processing Zones
                                                              1. Exchange Rate Policy
                                                              2. Success Stories and Challenges
                                                                1. East Asian Tigers
                                                                  1. Competitive Pressures
                                                              3. Industrial Policy
                                                                1. Rationale for Industrial Policy
                                                                  1. Market Failures
                                                                    1. Coordination Problems
                                                                      1. Learning Externalities
                                                                      2. "Picking Winners"
                                                                        1. Strategic Industries
                                                                          1. Comparative Advantage
                                                                            1. Government Capability
                                                                            2. Infant Industry Argument
                                                                              1. Learning by Doing
                                                                                1. Dynamic Comparative Advantage
                                                                                  1. Protection Duration
                                                                                  2. State Support for Innovation
                                                                                    1. R&D Subsidies
                                                                                      1. Technology Transfer
                                                                                        1. Innovation Systems
                                                                                      2. Financial Development
                                                                                        1. Role of the Financial Sector
                                                                                          1. Financial Intermediation
                                                                                            1. Mobilization of Savings
                                                                                              1. Household Savings
                                                                                                1. Corporate Savings
                                                                                                2. Allocation of Capital
                                                                                                  1. Investment Efficiency
                                                                                                    1. Risk Management
                                                                                                  2. Financial Liberalization vs. Repression
                                                                                                    1. Interest Rate Controls
                                                                                                      1. Credit Allocation
                                                                                                        1. Deregulation and Risks
                                                                                                          1. Financial Instability
                                                                                                            1. Boom-Bust Cycles
                                                                                                          2. Banking System Development
                                                                                                            1. Commercial Banking
                                                                                                              1. Development Banking
                                                                                                                1. Central Banking
                                                                                                                2. Capital Markets
                                                                                                                  1. Stock Markets
                                                                                                                    1. Bond Markets
                                                                                                                      1. Market Development
                                                                                                                      2. Microfinance
                                                                                                                        1. Access to Credit for the Poor
                                                                                                                          1. Microenterprise Development
                                                                                                                            1. Group Lending
                                                                                                                              1. Impact Assessment
                                                                                                                            2. The Role of Foreign Aid
                                                                                                                              1. Types of Aid
                                                                                                                                1. Bilateral Aid
                                                                                                                                  1. Government-to-Government
                                                                                                                                    1. Tied vs. Untied Aid
                                                                                                                                    2. Multilateral Aid
                                                                                                                                      1. World Bank
                                                                                                                                        1. Regional Development Banks
                                                                                                                                          1. UN Agencies
                                                                                                                                          2. Humanitarian vs. Development Aid
                                                                                                                                            1. Emergency Relief
                                                                                                                                              1. Long-Term Development
                                                                                                                                            2. Aid Effectiveness and Debates
                                                                                                                                              1. Aid-Growth Relationship
                                                                                                                                                1. Conditionality
                                                                                                                                                  1. Structural Adjustment
                                                                                                                                                    1. Policy Reform
                                                                                                                                                    2. Tied Aid
                                                                                                                                                      1. Procurement Requirements
                                                                                                                                                        1. Efficiency Costs
                                                                                                                                                        2. Evaluation of Impact
                                                                                                                                                          1. Randomized Controlled Trials
                                                                                                                                                            1. Quasi-Experimental Methods
                                                                                                                                                          2. The Problem of Aid Dependency
                                                                                                                                                            1. Dutch Disease Effects
                                                                                                                                                              1. Incentive Effects
                                                                                                                                                                1. Moral Hazard
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Government Accountability
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Exit Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Aid Graduation
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Sustainability
                                                                                                                                                                  3. Health and Education Policies
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Investment in Human Capital
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Returns to Human Capital
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Public vs. Private Investment
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Early Childhood Development
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Nutrition Programs
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pre-School Education
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Adult Education and Training
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Vocational Training
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Lifelong Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Public Health Interventions
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Disease Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Preventive Care
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Health Education
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Vaccination Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Immunization Coverage
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Herd Immunity
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Health System Strengthening
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Primary Health Care
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Health Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Schooling and Educational Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Access and Enrollment
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Primary Education
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Secondary Education
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Gender Parity
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Educational Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Learning Outcomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Teacher Quality
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Curriculum Reform
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Skill Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Relevance to Labor Market
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Teacher Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pre-Service Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. In-Service Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Access and Equity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Rural-Urban Gaps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Socioeconomic Disparities

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Previous

                                                                                                                                                                                                              8. Structural Transformation and Sectoral Change

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Go to top

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Next

                                                                                                                                                                                                              10. Contemporary Issues in Growth and Development