Ecology

6.

Landscape and Global Ecology

6.1.

Landscape Ecology

6.1.1.

Landscape Structure

6.1.1.1.

6.1.1.1.1.

6.1.1.1.2.

6.1.1.1.3.

6.1.1.2.

6.1.1.2.1.

6.1.1.2.2.

Corridor Connectivity

6.1.1.2.3.

Movement Facilitation

6.1.1.3.

6.1.1.3.1.

6.1.1.3.2.

Matrix Permeability

6.1.2.

Landscape Processes

6.1.2.1.

Dispersal and Migration

6.1.2.2.

6.1.2.3.

Disturbance Spread

6.1.2.4.

6.1.3.

6.1.3.1.

Microclimate Changes

6.1.3.2.

Species Composition Changes

6.1.3.3.

Edge-to-Interior Ratios

6.1.4.

Fragmentation Effects

6.1.4.1.

6.1.4.2.

Isolation Effects

6.1.4.3.

Population Consequences

6.1.5.

Island Biogeography Theory

6.1.5.1.

Species-Area Relationship

6.1.5.2.

Distance Effects

6.1.5.3.

Immigration-Extinction Balance

6.1.5.4.

Applications to Conservation

6.2.

6.2.1.

Historical Biogeography

6.2.1.1.

Continental Drift

6.2.1.2.

6.2.1.3.

Dispersal Events

6.2.2.

Ecological Biogeography

6.2.2.1.

Climate Constraints

6.2.2.2.

Biotic Interactions

6.2.2.3.

Dispersal Limitations

6.2.3.

Biodiversity Patterns

6.2.3.1.

Latitudinal Gradients

6.2.3.2.

Elevational Gradients

6.2.3.3.

Island Patterns

6.2.3.4.

Hotspots and Endemism

6.3.

6.3.1.

Terrestrial Biomes

6.3.1.1.

Tropical Rainforest

6.3.1.1.1.

Climate Characteristics

6.3.1.1.2.

Vegetation Structure

6.3.1.1.3.

Biodiversity Patterns

6.3.1.1.4.

Nutrient Cycling

6.3.1.2.

Tropical Dry Forest

6.3.1.2.1.

Seasonal Rainfall

6.3.1.2.2.

Deciduous Adaptations

6.3.1.3.

6.3.1.3.1.

Grass-Tree Coexistence

6.3.1.3.2.

6.3.1.3.3.

Herbivore Effects

6.3.1.4.

6.3.1.4.1.

Water Limitations

6.3.1.4.2.

Temperature Extremes

6.3.1.4.3.

Organism Adaptations

6.3.1.5.

Mediterranean Shrubland

6.3.1.5.1.

Climate Patterns

6.3.1.5.2.

Fire Adaptations

6.3.1.5.3.

Sclerophyllous Vegetation

6.3.1.6.

Temperate Grassland

6.3.1.6.1.

Precipitation Patterns

6.3.1.6.2.

Soil Development

6.3.1.6.3.

Grazing Effects

6.3.1.7.

Temperate Forest

6.3.1.7.1.

Deciduous Forests

6.3.1.7.2.

Coniferous Forests

6.3.1.7.3.

6.3.1.8.

6.3.1.8.1.

Cold Adaptations

6.3.1.8.2.

Conifer Dominance

6.3.1.8.3.

Disturbance Regimes

6.3.1.9.

6.3.1.9.1.

Permafrost Effects

6.3.1.9.2.

Short Growing Seasons

6.3.1.9.3.

Arctic vs Alpine Tundra

6.3.2.

6.3.2.1.

Freshwater Systems

6.3.2.1.1.

Lakes and Ponds

6.3.2.1.1.1.

Thermal Stratification

6.3.2.1.1.2.

Productivity Gradients

6.3.2.1.1.3.

Zonation Patterns

6.3.2.1.2.

Rivers and Streams

6.3.2.1.2.1.

Flow Characteristics

6.3.2.1.2.2.

Longitudinal Patterns

6.3.2.1.2.3.

Riparian Interactions

6.3.2.1.3.

6.3.2.1.3.1.

6.3.2.1.3.2.

6.3.2.1.3.3.

Ecosystem Functions

6.3.2.2.

6.3.2.2.1.

6.3.2.2.1.1.

Intertidal Communities

6.3.2.2.1.2.

Estuarine Systems

6.3.2.2.1.3.

6.3.2.2.1.4.

Mangrove Forests

6.3.2.2.2.

6.3.2.2.2.1.

6.3.2.2.2.2.

Symbiotic Relationships

6.3.2.2.2.3.

Biodiversity Patterns

6.3.2.2.3.

6.3.2.2.3.1.

Pelagic Communities

6.3.2.2.3.2.

Vertical Zonation

6.3.2.2.3.3.

Productivity Patterns

6.3.2.2.4.

6.3.2.2.4.1.

Benthic Communities

6.3.2.2.4.2.

Hydrothermal Vents

6.3.2.2.4.3.

6.4.

6.4.1.

Global Climate System

6.4.1.1.

6.4.1.2.

Atmospheric Circulation

6.4.1.3.

Ocean Circulation

6.4.1.4.

Climate Feedbacks

6.4.2.

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

6.4.2.1.

Carbon Cycle Dynamics

6.4.2.2.

Nitrogen Cycle Perturbations

6.4.2.3.

Water Cycle Changes

6.4.3.

6.4.3.1.

6.4.3.1.1.

Greenhouse Gas Increases

6.4.3.1.2.

Temperature Changes

6.4.3.1.3.

Precipitation Changes

6.4.3.1.4.

6.4.3.2.

Biodiversity Loss

6.4.3.2.1.

Extinction Rates

6.4.3.2.2.

6.4.3.2.3.

Phenological Changes

6.4.3.3.

Biogeochemical Perturbations

6.4.3.3.1.

Nitrogen Deposition

6.4.3.3.2.

Ocean Acidification

6.4.3.3.3.

Ozone Depletion

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7. Applied Ecology and Conservation