Crop Science and Production

  1. Harvesting and Post-Harvest Technology
    1. Crop Maturity and Harvest Timing
      1. Maturity Indices
        1. Physiological Maturity
          1. Commercial Maturity
            1. Harvest Maturity
            2. Maturity Assessment Methods
              1. Visual Indicators
                1. Physical Tests
                  1. Chemical Tests
                    1. Instrumental Methods
                    2. Factors Affecting Harvest Timing
                      1. Weather Conditions
                        1. Market Requirements
                          1. Storage Plans
                            1. Processing Needs
                            2. Harvest Scheduling
                              1. Labor Availability
                                1. Equipment Scheduling
                                  1. Market Windows
                                2. Harvesting Methods and Equipment
                                  1. Manual Harvesting
                                    1. Hand Tools
                                      1. Sickles
                                        1. Knives
                                          1. Pruning Shears
                                          2. Harvesting Techniques
                                            1. Selective Harvesting
                                              1. Bulk Harvesting
                                              2. Labor Management
                                                1. Training
                                                  1. Safety
                                                    1. Efficiency
                                                  2. Mechanical Harvesting
                                                    1. Combine Harvesters
                                                      1. Components and Operation
                                                        1. Adjustment and Calibration
                                                          1. Maintenance
                                                          2. Specialized Harvesters
                                                            1. Root Crop Harvesters
                                                              1. Forage Harvesters
                                                                1. Fruit Harvesters
                                                                2. Harvesting Efficiency
                                                                  1. Field Losses
                                                                    1. Quality Considerations
                                                                      1. Economic Analysis
                                                                    2. Harvest Operations
                                                                      1. Field Preparation
                                                                        1. Harvesting Patterns
                                                                          1. Transport from Field
                                                                            1. Temporary Storage
                                                                          2. Post-Harvest Handling
                                                                            1. Initial Processing
                                                                              1. Cleaning
                                                                                1. Removal of Foreign Matter
                                                                                  1. Separation Techniques
                                                                                    1. Cleaning Equipment
                                                                                    2. Threshing and Shelling
                                                                                      1. Threshing Methods
                                                                                        1. Shelling Techniques
                                                                                          1. Equipment Selection
                                                                                          2. Winnowing
                                                                                            1. Air Separation
                                                                                              1. Density Separation
                                                                                            2. Grading and Sorting
                                                                                              1. Quality Standards
                                                                                                1. Government Standards
                                                                                                  1. Industry Standards
                                                                                                    1. Export Standards
                                                                                                    2. Grading Criteria
                                                                                                      1. Size
                                                                                                        1. Color
                                                                                                          1. Defects
                                                                                                            1. Moisture Content
                                                                                                            2. Sorting Methods
                                                                                                              1. Manual Sorting
                                                                                                                1. Mechanical Sorting
                                                                                                                  1. Electronic Sorting
                                                                                                                2. Packaging
                                                                                                                  1. Packaging Materials
                                                                                                                    1. Traditional Materials
                                                                                                                      1. Modern Materials
                                                                                                                        1. Biodegradable Options
                                                                                                                        2. Package Design
                                                                                                                          1. Size and Shape
                                                                                                                            1. Ventilation
                                                                                                                              1. Labeling
                                                                                                                              2. Packaging Operations
                                                                                                                                1. Filling
                                                                                                                                  1. Sealing
                                                                                                                                    1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                2. Drying and Curing
                                                                                                                                  1. Principles of Drying
                                                                                                                                    1. Moisture Content
                                                                                                                                      1. Water Activity
                                                                                                                                        1. Equilibrium Moisture Content
                                                                                                                                        2. Drying Methods
                                                                                                                                          1. Natural Drying
                                                                                                                                            1. Sun Drying
                                                                                                                                              1. Shade Drying
                                                                                                                                                1. Field Drying
                                                                                                                                                2. Artificial Drying
                                                                                                                                                  1. Hot Air Drying
                                                                                                                                                    1. Heated Air Drying
                                                                                                                                                      1. Infrared Drying
                                                                                                                                                        1. Microwave Drying
                                                                                                                                                      2. Drying Equipment
                                                                                                                                                        1. Batch Dryers
                                                                                                                                                          1. Continuous Dryers
                                                                                                                                                            1. Solar Dryers
                                                                                                                                                              1. Heat Pumps
                                                                                                                                                              2. Curing Processes
                                                                                                                                                                1. Tobacco Curing
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Onion Curing
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sweet Potato Curing
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Moisture Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Temperature Control
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Quality Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Storage Systems and Management
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Storage Principles
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Moisture Control
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Temperature Management
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Atmosphere Control
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pest Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Storage Structures
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Traditional Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Granaries
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cribs
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pits
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Modern Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Silos
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Warehouses
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cold Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Controlled Atmosphere Storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Storage Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Temperature Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cooling Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Heating Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Insulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Humidity Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Dehumidification
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ventilation
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Moisture Barriers
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Atmosphere Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Carbon Dioxide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Nitrogen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Oxygen Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Storage Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Inventory Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Quality Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Rotation Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Record Keeping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Storage Pest Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Storage Pests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Insects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Beetles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Moths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Weevils
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Rodents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Rats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Mice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Birds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fungi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bacteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Preventive Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sanitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Structural Modifications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Exclusion Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Monitoring Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Control Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Physical Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Temperature Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Atmosphere Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Irradiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Chemical Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Fumigants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Contact Insecticides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Protectants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Biological Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Natural Enemies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Pheromones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Integrated Pest Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Monitoring Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Threshold Levels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Treatment Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Value Addition and Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Primary Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Milling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Grain Milling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pulse Milling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Oil Milling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Oil Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mechanical Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Solvent Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Processing Steps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Fiber Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Cotton Ginning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fiber Preparation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Quality Parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Testing Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Standards Compliance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Byproduct Utilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Feed Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Industrial Uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bioenergy Production

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                9. Sustainable and Advanced Crop Production