Clinical Microbiology

  1. Clinical Bacteriology
    1. Bacterial Cell Structure and Function
      1. Cell Envelope
        1. Cell Wall Structure
          1. Peptidoglycan Composition
            1. Gram-Positive Cell Wall
              1. Thick Peptidoglycan Layer
                1. Teichoic Acids
                  1. Lipoteichoic Acids
                  2. Gram-Negative Cell Wall
                    1. Thin Peptidoglycan Layer
                      1. Outer Membrane
                        1. Lipopolysaccharide
                          1. Porins
                          2. Acid-Fast Cell Wall
                            1. Mycolic Acids
                              1. Waxy Cell Wall
                            2. Cell Membrane
                              1. Phospholipid Bilayer
                                1. Membrane Proteins
                                  1. Transport Functions
                                2. External Structures
                                  1. Flagella and Motility
                                    1. Flagellar Structure
                                      1. Types of Motility
                                        1. Chemotaxis
                                        2. Pili and Fimbriae
                                          1. Common Pili
                                            1. Sex Pili
                                              1. Adhesion Functions
                                              2. Capsules and Slime Layers
                                                1. Polysaccharide Capsules
                                                  1. Protein Capsules
                                                    1. Virulence Functions
                                                  2. Internal Structures
                                                    1. Cytoplasm and Ribosomes
                                                      1. Nucleoid and Chromosome
                                                        1. Plasmids
                                                          1. Inclusion Bodies
                                                            1. Endospores
                                                              1. Spore Structure
                                                                1. Sporulation Process
                                                                  1. Spore Resistance
                                                              2. Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism
                                                                1. Nutritional Requirements
                                                                  1. Macronutrients
                                                                    1. Micronutrients
                                                                      1. Growth Factors
                                                                      2. Energy Metabolism
                                                                        1. Aerobic Respiration
                                                                          1. Anaerobic Respiration
                                                                            1. Fermentation
                                                                            2. Oxygen Requirements
                                                                              1. Obligate Aerobes
                                                                                1. Obligate Anaerobes
                                                                                  1. Facultative Anaerobes
                                                                                    1. Microaerophiles
                                                                                      1. Aerotolerant Anaerobes
                                                                                      2. Growth Characteristics
                                                                                        1. Growth Phases
                                                                                          1. Lag Phase
                                                                                            1. Exponential Phase
                                                                                              1. Stationary Phase
                                                                                                1. Death Phase
                                                                                                2. Growth Rate Measurement
                                                                                                  1. Environmental Factors Affecting Growth
                                                                                                    1. Temperature
                                                                                                      1. pH
                                                                                                        1. Osmolarity
                                                                                                    2. Bacterial Genetics
                                                                                                      1. Chromosome Structure
                                                                                                        1. Circular DNA
                                                                                                          1. Gene Organization
                                                                                                          2. Plasmids
                                                                                                            1. Types of Plasmids
                                                                                                              1. Plasmid Functions
                                                                                                                1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                2. Gene Expression and Regulation
                                                                                                                  1. Transcription
                                                                                                                    1. Translation
                                                                                                                      1. Regulatory Mechanisms
                                                                                                                      2. Genetic Variation
                                                                                                                        1. Mutation
                                                                                                                          1. Point Mutations
                                                                                                                            1. Chromosomal Rearrangements
                                                                                                                            2. Horizontal Gene Transfer
                                                                                                                              1. Transformation
                                                                                                                                1. Transduction
                                                                                                                                  1. Conjugation
                                                                                                                                  2. Mobile Genetic Elements
                                                                                                                                    1. Transposons
                                                                                                                                      1. Integrons
                                                                                                                                        1. Insertion Sequences
                                                                                                                                    2. Bacterial Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                      1. Phenotypic Identification
                                                                                                                                        1. Colony Morphology
                                                                                                                                          1. Size and Shape
                                                                                                                                            1. Color and Pigmentation
                                                                                                                                              1. Texture and Consistency
                                                                                                                                                1. Hemolysis Patterns
                                                                                                                                                2. Microscopic Morphology
                                                                                                                                                  1. Cell Shape and Arrangement
                                                                                                                                                    1. Staining Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                      1. Motility
                                                                                                                                                      2. Biochemical Testing
                                                                                                                                                        1. Carbohydrate Utilization
                                                                                                                                                          1. Fermentation Tests
                                                                                                                                                            1. Oxidation Tests
                                                                                                                                                            2. Enzyme Detection
                                                                                                                                                              1. Catalase Test
                                                                                                                                                                1. Oxidase Test
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Coagulase Test
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Urease Test
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Beta-Lactamase Test
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Metabolic Tests
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Citrate Utilization
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Indole Production
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Hydrogen Sulfide Production
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Serological Methods
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Agglutination Tests
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Precipitin Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Immunofluorescence
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Genotypic Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                1. DNA Hybridization
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. PCR-Based Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. 16S rRNA Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Species-Specific PCR
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. DNA Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Whole Genome Sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Automated Identification Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Biochemical Panels
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mass Spectrometry
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. MALDI-TOF MS Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Protein Fingerprinting
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Database Matching
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Gram-Positive Cocci
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Staphylococcus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Catalase Positive
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Grape-like Clusters
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Salt Tolerance
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Staphylococcus aureus
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Coagulase Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. DNase Test
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Mannitol Fermentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Virulence Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Surface Proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Toxins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Bacteremia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pneumonia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Food Poisoning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Methicillin Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Vancomycin Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Staphylococcus epidermidis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Biofilm Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Streptococcus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Catalase Negative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Chain Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Hemolysis Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Classification Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Lancefield Grouping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hemolytic Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Biochemical Properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Virulence Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Post-Infectious Sequelae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Neonatal Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Groups C and G Streptococci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Alpha-Hemolytic Streptococci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Optochin Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bile Solubility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Quellung Reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Virulence Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Serotypes and Vaccines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Viridans Group Streptococci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Species Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Endocarditis Risk
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Gamma-Hemolytic Streptococci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Enterococcus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Enterococcus faecalis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Enterococcus faecium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Other Gram-Positive Cocci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Micrococcus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Aerococcus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Gram-Negative Cocci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Neisseria Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Oxidase Positive
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Diplococci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fastidious Growth Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Virulence Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Neisseria meningitidis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Serogroups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Virulence Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Commensal Neisseria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Moraxella catarrhalis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Beta-Lactamase Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Other Gram-Negative Cocci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Acinetobacter Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Veillonella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Gram-Positive Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Spore-Forming Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Bacillus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Bacillus anthracis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Virulence Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Laboratory Safety
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Bacillus cereus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Food Poisoning Syndromes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Laboratory Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Other Bacillus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Clostridium Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Anaerobic Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Spore Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Clostridium perfringens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Toxin Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Clostridium tetani
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Tetanospasmin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Clostridium botulinum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Botulinum Toxin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Clostridioides difficile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Toxin Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Non-Spore-Forming Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Corynebacterium Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Toxin Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Diphtheroids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Contamination vs Infection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Listeria monocytogenes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Virulence Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Gardnerella vaginalis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Bacterial Vaginosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Lactobacillus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Normal Flora
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Enterobacteriaceae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Gram-Negative Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Oxidase Negative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Glucose Fermentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Nitrate Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Biochemical Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Serotyping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Molecular Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Escherichia coli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Pathogenic E. coli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Diffusely Adherent E. coli (DAEC)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Laboratory Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Klebsiella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Klebsiella pneumoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Klebsiella oxytoca
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Enterobacter Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Species Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. AmpC Beta-Lactamase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Serratia Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Serratia marcescens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pigment Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Proteus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Proteus mirabilis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Proteus vulgaris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Swarming Motility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Urease Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Morganella morganii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Providencia Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Citrobacter Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Salmonella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Typhoidal Salmonella
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Non-typhoidal Salmonella
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Serotyping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Shigella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Species and Serogroups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Yersinia Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Yersinia pestis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Laboratory Safety
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Yersinia enterocolitica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Glucose Non-Fermentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Oxidase Variable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Pseudomonas Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Virulence Factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Other Pseudomonas Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Acinetobacter Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Acinetobacter baumannii Complex
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Burkholderia Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Burkholderia cepacia Complex
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Burkholderia pseudomallei
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Alcaligenes Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Chryseobacterium Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Haemophilus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. X and V Factor Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Haemophilus influenzae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Serotypes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Haemophilus parainfluenzae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Other Haemophilus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Bordetella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Bordetella pertussis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Bordetella parapertussis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Bordetella bronchiseptica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Legionella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Legionella pneumophila
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Environmental Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Other Legionella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Pasteurella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pasteurella multocida
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Animal Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Other Pasteurella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Francisella tularensis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Laboratory Safety
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Brucella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Laboratory Safety
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Anaerobic Bacteriology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. General Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Oxygen Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Specimen Collection Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transport Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Laboratory Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Anaerobic Culture Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Anaerobic Jars
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Anaerobic Chambers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Anaerobic Bags
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Culture Media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Enriched Media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Selective Media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Colony Morphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Gram Stain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Biochemical Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Gas Chromatography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Peptostreptococcus Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Finegoldia magna
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Gram-Negative Anaerobic Cocci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Veillonella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Gram-Positive Anaerobic Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clostridium Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Propionibacterium (Cutibacterium) acnes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Actinomyces Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Bifidobacterium Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacilli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Bacteroides fragilis Group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Antimicrobial Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Prevotella Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Porphyromonas Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Fusobacterium Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Normal Flora Disruption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Polymicrobial Infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Antimicrobial Susceptibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Mycobacteriology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Acid-Fast Cell Wall
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Slow Growth Rate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Environmental Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Laboratory Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Specimen Processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Decontamination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Concentration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Staining Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ziehl-Neelsen Stain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Kinyoun Stain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Auramine-Rhodamine Stain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Culture Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Solid Media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Lowenstein-Jensen Medium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Middlebrook Agar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Liquid Media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. MGIT System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. BACTEC System
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Identification Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Biochemical Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Molecular Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mass Spectrometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mycobacterium bovis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mycobacterium africanum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Drug Susceptibility Testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Slowly Growing NTM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mycobacterium avium Complex
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Mycobacterium kansasii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mycobacterium marinum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Rapidly Growing NTM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Mycobacterium fortuitum Group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mycobacterium chelonae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Mycobacterium abscessus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Laboratory Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. Spirochetes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Spiral Morphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Motility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Fastidious Growth Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Treponema Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Treponema pallidum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Direct Detection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Serological Tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Other Treponema Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3. Borrelia Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Borrelia burgdorferi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Lyme Disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Borrelia recurrentis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Relapsing Fever
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Leptospira Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pathogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mycoplasma Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Lack of Cell Wall
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Small Size
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Pleomorphic Morphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Mycoplasma hominis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ureaplasma Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. L-Forms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Formation and Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Clinical Significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Obligate Intracellular Bacteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Chlamydia Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Obligate Intracellular Lifestyle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Developmental Cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Chlamydia trachomatis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Serovars and Clinical Manifestations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Chlamydia pneumoniae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Chlamydia psittaci
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Rickettsia Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. General Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Vector-Borne Transmission
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Intracellular Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Rickettsia rickettsii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Laboratory Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Other Rickettsia Species
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Coxiella burnetii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Q Fever
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Laboratory Diagnosis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Previous

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. Fundamental Laboratory Techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Go to top

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Next

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing