Clinical Microbiology

  1. Fundamental Laboratory Techniques
    1. Microscopy
      1. Light Microscopy Principles
        1. Basic Optics
          1. Resolution and Magnification
            1. Numerical Aperture
            2. Bright-field Microscopy
              1. Components and Function
                1. Proper Use and Maintenance
                  1. Applications in Clinical Microbiology
                  2. Dark-field Microscopy
                    1. Principles of Operation
                      1. Applications
                        1. Spirochete Detection
                          1. Motility Observation
                        2. Phase-contrast Microscopy
                          1. Principles and Advantages
                            1. Applications
                              1. Unstained Specimens
                                1. Living Organisms
                              2. Fluorescence Microscopy
                                1. Principles of Fluorescence
                                  1. Fluorophores and Filters
                                    1. Applications
                                      1. Direct Fluorescent Antibody
                                        1. Calcofluor White Staining
                                          1. Auramine-Rhodamine Staining
                                        2. Electron Microscopy
                                          1. Transmission Electron Microscopy
                                            1. Principles and Applications
                                              1. Sample Preparation
                                              2. Scanning Electron Microscopy
                                                1. Principles and Applications
                                                  1. Three-dimensional Imaging
                                              3. Staining Procedures
                                                1. Principles of Staining
                                                  1. Chromophores and Auxochromes
                                                    1. Ionic Interactions
                                                      1. Mordants and Decolorizers
                                                      2. Simple Stains
                                                        1. Methylene Blue
                                                          1. Crystal Violet
                                                            1. Safranin
                                                            2. Differential Stains
                                                              1. Gram Stain
                                                                1. Historical Development
                                                                  1. Principle and Mechanism
                                                                    1. Step-by-step Procedure
                                                                      1. Interpretation of Results
                                                                        1. Quality Control
                                                                          1. Troubleshooting
                                                                          2. Acid-Fast Stain
                                                                            1. Ziehl-Neelsen Method
                                                                              1. Principle and Procedure
                                                                              2. Kinyoun Method
                                                                                1. Cold Acid-Fast Stain
                                                                                  1. Advantages
                                                                                  2. Auramine-Rhodamine Stain
                                                                                    1. Fluorescent Method
                                                                                      1. Screening Applications
                                                                                  3. Structural Stains
                                                                                    1. Spore Stain
                                                                                      1. Schaeffer-Fulton Method
                                                                                        1. Malachite Green Staining
                                                                                        2. Capsule Stain
                                                                                          1. Negative Staining Technique
                                                                                            1. India Ink Method
                                                                                            2. Flagella Stain
                                                                                              1. Silver Staining Methods
                                                                                                1. Motility Demonstration
                                                                                              2. Special Stains
                                                                                                1. Methenamine Silver Stain
                                                                                                  1. Periodic Acid-Schiff Stain
                                                                                                    1. Trichrome Stain
                                                                                                  2. Cultivation of Microorganisms
                                                                                                    1. Nutritional Requirements
                                                                                                      1. Carbon Sources
                                                                                                        1. Nitrogen Sources
                                                                                                          1. Growth Factors
                                                                                                            1. Trace Elements
                                                                                                            2. Culture Media
                                                                                                              1. Media Classification
                                                                                                                1. Enriched Media
                                                                                                                  1. Blood Agar
                                                                                                                    1. Chocolate Agar
                                                                                                                    2. Selective Media
                                                                                                                      1. MacConkey Agar
                                                                                                                        1. Mannitol Salt Agar
                                                                                                                          1. Phenylethyl Alcohol Agar
                                                                                                                          2. Differential Media
                                                                                                                            1. Blood Agar Hemolysis
                                                                                                                              1. MacConkey Lactose Fermentation
                                                                                                                              2. Transport Media
                                                                                                                                1. Stuart's Medium
                                                                                                                                  1. Cary-Blair Medium
                                                                                                                                    1. Amies Medium
                                                                                                                                  2. Media Preparation
                                                                                                                                    1. Dehydrated Media
                                                                                                                                      1. Quality Control Testing
                                                                                                                                        1. Storage Requirements
                                                                                                                                      2. Inoculation Techniques
                                                                                                                                        1. Streak Plate Method
                                                                                                                                          1. Four-quadrant Streak
                                                                                                                                            1. Isolation of Pure Cultures
                                                                                                                                            2. Spread Plate Method
                                                                                                                                              1. Quantitative Plating
                                                                                                                                                1. Colony Counting
                                                                                                                                                2. Pour Plate Method
                                                                                                                                                  1. Anaerobic Cultivation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Mixed Culture Analysis
                                                                                                                                                  2. Incubation Conditions
                                                                                                                                                    1. Temperature Requirements
                                                                                                                                                      1. Mesophiles
                                                                                                                                                        1. Thermophiles
                                                                                                                                                          1. Psychrophiles
                                                                                                                                                          2. Atmospheric Conditions
                                                                                                                                                            1. Aerobic Incubation
                                                                                                                                                              1. Anaerobic Systems
                                                                                                                                                                1. Anaerobic Jars
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Anaerobic Chambers
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Microaerophilic Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                    1. CO2 Enrichment
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Duration and Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Standard Incubation Times
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Extended Incubation
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Growth Assessment

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                                                                                                                                                                    4. Clinical Bacteriology