Climatology

  1. Climate Classification
    1. Purpose of Climate Classification
      1. Organizing Climate Data
        1. Applications in Ecology and Agriculture
          1. Regional Planning and Development
          2. Empirical Classification Systems
            1. Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification
              1. Main Climate Groups
                1. Tropical (A)
                  1. Dry (B)
                    1. Temperate (C)
                      1. Continental (D)
                        1. Polar (E)
                        2. Sub-categories and Criteria
                          1. Temperature Thresholds
                            1. Precipitation Patterns
                              1. Seasonal Variations
                              2. Climate Symbols and Codes
                              3. Thornthwaite Climate Classification
                                1. Moisture Index
                                  1. Potential Evapotranspiration
                                    1. Thermal Efficiency
                                    2. Trewartha Climate Classification
                                      1. Modified Köppen System
                                        1. Temperature and Precipitation Criteria
                                      2. Genetic Classification Systems
                                        1. Air Mass-Based Systems
                                          1. Continental vs. Maritime
                                            1. Tropical vs. Polar
                                            2. Dynamic and Synoptic Approaches
                                              1. Pressure Systems
                                                1. Frontal Zones
                                              2. Global Climate Zones
                                                1. Tropical Climates
                                                  1. Rainforest
                                                    1. Characteristics
                                                      1. Geographic Distribution
                                                      2. Monsoon
                                                        1. Seasonal Patterns
                                                          1. Regional Variations
                                                          2. Savanna
                                                            1. Wet and Dry Seasons
                                                              1. Vegetation Adaptations
                                                            2. Dry (Arid and Semi-Arid) Climates
                                                              1. Desert
                                                                1. Hot Deserts
                                                                  1. Cold Deserts
                                                                  2. Steppe
                                                                    1. Semi-arid Grasslands
                                                                      1. Precipitation Variability
                                                                    2. Temperate (Mesothermal) Climates
                                                                      1. Mediterranean
                                                                        1. Dry Summer Subtropical
                                                                          1. Vegetation and Agriculture
                                                                          2. Humid Subtropical
                                                                            1. Hot Summers
                                                                              1. Mild Winters
                                                                              2. Marine West Coast
                                                                                1. Oceanic Influence
                                                                                  1. Year-round Precipitation
                                                                                2. Continental (Microthermal) Climates
                                                                                  1. Humid Continental
                                                                                    1. Hot Summer Continental
                                                                                      1. Warm Summer Continental
                                                                                      2. Subarctic
                                                                                        1. Short Summers
                                                                                          1. Long Cold Winters
                                                                                        2. Polar and Alpine Climates
                                                                                          1. Tundra
                                                                                            1. Permafrost Presence
                                                                                              1. Limited Growing Season
                                                                                              2. Ice Cap
                                                                                                1. Permanent Ice Cover
                                                                                                  1. Extreme Cold
                                                                                                  2. Highland/Alpine
                                                                                                    1. Elevation Effects
                                                                                                      1. Vertical Climate Zones

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                                                                                                3. Components of the Climate System

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                                                                                                5. Climate Variability