Cartography

  1. Data for Cartography
    1. Spatial Data Models
      1. Vector Data
        1. Points
          1. Coordinate Storage
            1. Attribute Attachment
            2. Lines (Arcs)
              1. Polylines
                1. Topology
                2. Polygons (Areas)
                  1. Boundary Definition
                    1. Interior/Exterior Concepts
                  2. Raster Data (Grid)
                    1. Pixels and Resolution
                      1. Spatial Resolution
                        1. Spectral Resolution
                        2. Continuous vs. Discrete Data
                          1. Field vs Object Models
                          2. Data Compression
                          3. Hybrid Models
                            1. Vector-Raster Integration
                              1. Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN)
                            2. Data Sources
                              1. Field Surveying (Geomatics)
                                1. Total Stations
                                  1. Electronic Distance Measurement
                                    1. Angle Measurement
                                    2. Theodolites
                                      1. Precision Angle Measurement
                                      2. Levels
                                        1. Elevation Measurement
                                        2. GPS/GNSS Surveying
                                        3. Remote Sensing
                                          1. Aerial Photography
                                            1. Vertical vs Oblique
                                              1. Stereoscopic Coverage
                                              2. Satellite Imagery
                                                1. Optical Sensors
                                                  1. Radar Sensors
                                                    1. Hyperspectral Imaging
                                                    2. LiDAR
                                                      1. Airborne LiDAR
                                                        1. Terrestrial LiDAR
                                                      2. Census and Statistical Data
                                                        1. Demographic Data
                                                          1. Economic Data
                                                            1. Administrative Boundaries
                                                            2. Existing Maps and Digital Data
                                                              1. Scanned Maps
                                                                1. Georeferencing
                                                                  1. Digitization
                                                                  2. Digital Map Libraries
                                                                    1. Metadata Standards
                                                                      1. Data Catalogs
                                                                  3. Data Quality and Standards
                                                                    1. Spatial Data Quality Elements
                                                                      1. Positional Accuracy
                                                                        1. Attribute Accuracy
                                                                          1. Logical Consistency
                                                                            1. Completeness
                                                                              1. Temporal Quality
                                                                              2. Metadata
                                                                                1. ISO 19115 Standard
                                                                                  1. FGDC Standards
                                                                                  2. Data Interoperability
                                                                                    1. Format Standards
                                                                                      1. Exchange Protocols
                                                                                    2. Data Abstraction and Classification
                                                                                      1. Levels of Measurement
                                                                                        1. Nominal
                                                                                          1. Categorical Data
                                                                                            1. Qualitative Classification
                                                                                            2. Ordinal
                                                                                              1. Ranked Data
                                                                                                1. Hierarchical Classification
                                                                                                2. Interval
                                                                                                  1. Equal Intervals
                                                                                                    1. No True Zero
                                                                                                    2. Ratio
                                                                                                      1. True Zero Point
                                                                                                        1. Proportional Relationships
                                                                                                      2. Data Classification Methods
                                                                                                        1. Equal Interval
                                                                                                          1. Mathematical Intervals
                                                                                                            1. Distribution Independence
                                                                                                            2. Quantiles
                                                                                                              1. Equal Frequency
                                                                                                                1. Percentile-based
                                                                                                                2. Natural Breaks (Jenks)
                                                                                                                  1. Variance Minimization
                                                                                                                    1. Cluster Identification
                                                                                                                    2. Standard Deviation
                                                                                                                      1. Statistical Distribution
                                                                                                                        1. Outlier Identification
                                                                                                                        2. Manual Classification
                                                                                                                          1. Expert Knowledge
                                                                                                                            1. Purpose-driven Breaks

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                                                                                                                      7. Generalization

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                                                                                                                      9. Map Design and Composition