Cartography

  1. Map Projections
    1. The Concept of Projection
      1. Transforming 3D to 2D
        1. Mathematical Basis
          1. Forward Transformation
            1. Inverse Transformation
            2. Projection Parameters
            3. Distortion in Maps
              1. Types of Distortion
                1. Shape (Conformality)
                  1. Area (Equivalence)
                    1. Distance (Equidistance)
                      1. Direction (Azimuthality)
                      2. Tissot's Indicatrix
                        1. Ellipse of Distortion
                          1. Distortion Analysis
                          2. Trade-offs in Projection Choice
                            1. Purpose-driven Selection
                              1. Regional Considerations
                            2. Classification by Preserved Property
                              1. Conformal Projections
                                1. Angle Preservation
                                  1. Local Shape Accuracy
                                  2. Equal-Area Projections
                                    1. Area Preservation
                                      1. Statistical Mapping Applications
                                      2. Equidistant Projections
                                        1. Distance Preservation
                                          1. Limited Distance Accuracy
                                          2. Azimuthal Projections
                                            1. Direction Preservation
                                            2. Compromise Projections
                                              1. Balanced Distortion
                                                1. General Purpose Use
                                              2. Classification by Projection Surface
                                                1. Cylindrical Projections
                                                  1. Normal (Equatorial)
                                                    1. Transverse
                                                      1. Oblique
                                                        1. Secant vs Tangent
                                                        2. Conical Projections
                                                          1. Tangent
                                                            1. Secant
                                                              1. Standard Parallels
                                                              2. Planar (Azimuthal) Projections
                                                                1. Gnomonic
                                                                  1. Great Circle Properties
                                                                  2. Stereographic
                                                                    1. Conformal Properties
                                                                    2. Orthographic
                                                                      1. Globe-like Appearance
                                                                      2. Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area
                                                                    3. Common Map Projections
                                                                      1. Mercator
                                                                        1. Cylindrical Conformal
                                                                          1. Distortion Characteristics
                                                                          2. Transverse Mercator
                                                                            1. UTM Foundation
                                                                              1. Narrow Zone Applications
                                                                              2. Lambert Conformal Conic
                                                                                1. Mid-latitude Applications
                                                                                  1. Aviation Charts
                                                                                  2. Albers Equal Area Conic
                                                                                    1. Statistical Mapping
                                                                                      1. Thematic Applications
                                                                                      2. Robinson
                                                                                        1. Compromise Projection
                                                                                          1. World Map Applications
                                                                                          2. Winkel Tripel
                                                                                            1. National Geographic Standard
                                                                                              1. Balanced Distortion
                                                                                              2. Mollweide
                                                                                                1. Equal Area Properties
                                                                                                  1. Interrupted Versions
                                                                                                  2. Goode's Homolosine
                                                                                                    1. Interrupted Equal Area
                                                                                                      1. Continental Focus

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                                                                                                  4. Coordinate Systems

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                                                                                                  6. Map Scale