Biogeography

  1. Human Impacts and Conservation Biogeography
    1. Anthropogenic Impacts on Distributions
      1. Habitat Destruction
        1. Deforestation
          1. Urbanization
            1. Agricultural Conversion
              1. Mining Activities
              2. Habitat Fragmentation
                1. Edge Effects
                  1. Patch Size Effects
                    1. Isolation Effects
                      1. Matrix Effects
                      2. Species Introductions
                        1. Pathways of Introduction
                          1. Establishment Success
                            1. Invasion Impacts
                              1. Management Strategies
                              2. Pollution Effects
                                1. Chemical Pollution
                                  1. Nutrient Pollution
                                    1. Light Pollution
                                      1. Noise Pollution
                                      2. Overexploitation
                                        1. Hunting Pressure
                                          1. Fishing Pressure
                                            1. Collection Pressure
                                              1. Population Consequences
                                              2. Climate Change Impacts
                                                1. Temperature Changes
                                                  1. Precipitation Changes
                                                    1. Extreme Weather Events
                                                      1. Sea Level Rise
                                                    2. Conservation Biogeography
                                                      1. Biodiversity Hotspots
                                                        1. Hotspot Criteria
                                                          1. Global Hotspot Identification
                                                            1. Conservation Priorities
                                                            2. Gap Analysis
                                                              1. Protected Area Assessment
                                                                1. Representation Gaps
                                                                  1. Conservation Planning
                                                                  2. Reserve Design Principles
                                                                    1. Size Requirements
                                                                      1. Minimum Viable Populations
                                                                        1. Area Requirements
                                                                        2. Shape Considerations
                                                                          1. Edge-to-Area Ratios
                                                                            1. Boundary Effects
                                                                            2. Connectivity
                                                                              1. Corridor Design
                                                                                1. Stepping Stones
                                                                                  1. Landscape Permeability
                                                                                  2. SLOSS Debate
                                                                                    1. Single Large Reserves
                                                                                      1. Several Small Reserves
                                                                                        1. Context Dependency
                                                                                      2. Systematic Conservation Planning
                                                                                        1. Target Setting
                                                                                          1. Site Selection Algorithms
                                                                                            1. Implementation Strategies
                                                                                          2. Restoration Ecology
                                                                                            1. Ecosystem Restoration
                                                                                              1. Reference Ecosystems
                                                                                                1. Restoration Techniques
                                                                                                  1. Success Monitoring
                                                                                                  2. Species Reintroduction
                                                                                                    1. Candidate Species Selection
                                                                                                      1. Site Preparation
                                                                                                        1. Release Strategies
                                                                                                          1. Post-Release Monitoring
                                                                                                          2. Habitat Connectivity Restoration
                                                                                                            1. Corridor Establishment
                                                                                                              1. Barrier Removal
                                                                                                                1. Landscape Restoration

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                                                                                                            5. Global Patterns of Biodiversity

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                                                                                                            7. Methods and Tools in Biogeography