Animal Behavior

  1. Social Behavior and Group Living
    1. Costs and Benefits of Sociality
      1. Costs of Group Living
        1. Increased Competition for Resources
          1. Disease and Parasite Transmission
            1. Increased Predator Attraction
              1. Interference with Reproduction
              2. Benefits of Group Living
                1. Enhanced Foraging Efficiency
                  1. Predation Risk Reduction
                    1. Cooperative Defense
                      1. Information Sharing
                        1. Thermoregulatory Benefits
                      2. Cooperation and Altruism
                        1. Defining Altruistic Behavior
                          1. Kin Selection Theory
                            1. Hamilton's Rule
                              1. Inclusive Fitness Concept
                                1. Kin Recognition Mechanisms
                                2. Reciprocal Altruism
                                  1. Conditions for Reciprocity
                                    1. Tit-for-Tat Strategies
                                      1. Cheater Detection
                                        1. Punishment Mechanisms
                                        2. Group Selection Theory
                                          1. Multi-Level Selection
                                            1. Group Benefit Behaviors
                                          2. Social Organization
                                            1. Dominance Hierarchies
                                              1. Linear Hierarchies
                                                1. Despotic vs. Egalitarian Systems
                                                  1. Hierarchy Formation
                                                    1. Benefits of Dominance
                                                    2. Territoriality in Social Groups
                                                      1. Group Territory Defense
                                                        1. Individual Territories within Groups
                                                        2. Social Roles and Division of Labor
                                                        3. Aggression and Conflict Resolution
                                                          1. Types of Aggressive Behavior
                                                            1. Functions of Aggression
                                                              1. Game Theory Applications
                                                                1. Hawk-Dove Model
                                                                  1. Evolutionarily Stable Strategies
                                                                    1. Bourgeois Strategy
                                                                    2. Conflict Resolution Mechanisms
                                                                      1. Appeasement Behaviors
                                                                        1. Reconciliation
                                                                          1. Displacement Activities
                                                                        2. Eusociality
                                                                          1. Characteristics of Eusocial Species
                                                                            1. Reproductive Division of Labor
                                                                              1. Cooperative Brood Care
                                                                                1. Overlapping Generations
                                                                                  1. Sterile Castes
                                                                                  2. Evolution of Eusociality
                                                                                    1. Haplodiploidy Hypothesis
                                                                                      1. Fortress Defense Hypothesis
                                                                                        1. Ecological Constraints
                                                                                        2. Eusocial Insect Societies
                                                                                          1. Ant Colonies
                                                                                            1. Bee Colonies
                                                                                              1. Termite Colonies
                                                                                              2. Eusocial Vertebrates
                                                                                                1. Naked Mole Rats
                                                                                                  1. Other Eusocial Mammals

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                                                                                              7. Parental Care and Family Dynamics

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                                                                                              9. Spatial Behavior and Movement