Analog Electronics

4.

Diodes and Applications

4.1.

The Ideal Diode Model

4.1.1.

Ideal Diode Behavior

4.1.2.

Symbol and Circuit Representation

4.2.

Practical Diode Characteristics

4.2.1.

Current-Voltage Characteristic Curve

4.2.2.

4.2.2.1.

Constant Voltage Drop Model

4.2.2.2.

Piecewise Linear Model

4.2.2.3.

Exponential Model

4.2.3.

Reverse Saturation Current

4.2.4.

Reverse Breakdown

4.2.5.

Temperature Effects

4.3.

Rectifier Circuits

4.3.1.

Half-Wave Rectifier

4.3.1.1.

Operation and Waveforms

4.3.1.2.

4.3.1.3.

4.3.2.

Full-Wave Rectifier

4.3.2.1.

Center-Tapped Configuration

4.3.2.2.

Bridge Configuration

4.3.2.3.

Output Characteristics

4.3.2.4.

Comparison of Configurations

4.3.3.

Filter Circuits

4.3.3.1.

Capacitor Filter

4.3.3.2.

4.3.3.3.

4.4.

Clipper Circuits

4.4.1.

Series Clippers

4.4.2.

Parallel Clippers

4.4.3.

Biased Clippers

4.5.

Clamper Circuits

4.5.1.

Positive Clamper

4.5.2.

Negative Clamper

4.5.3.

Biased Clampers

4.6.

Voltage Multipliers

4.6.1.

Voltage Doublers

4.6.2.

Voltage Triplers

4.6.3.

Voltage Quadruplers

4.7.

Special-Purpose Diodes

4.7.1.

4.7.1.1.

Zener Breakdown Mechanism

4.7.1.2.

Voltage Regulation Applications

4.7.1.3.

Zener Diode Parameters

4.7.2.

Light-Emitting Diodes

4.7.2.1.

Construction and Operation

4.7.2.2.

Forward Voltage Drop

4.7.2.3.

Current Limiting

4.7.3.

4.7.3.1.

Construction and Operation

4.7.3.2.

Photovoltaic Mode

4.7.3.3.

Photoconductive Mode

4.7.4.

Schottky Diodes

4.7.4.1.

Structure and Characteristics

4.7.4.2.

Fast Switching Applications

4.7.5.

Varactor Diodes

4.7.5.1.

Voltage-Variable Capacitance

4.7.5.2.

Tuning Applications

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5. Bipolar Junction Transistors