Agroforestry

7.

Products and Services from Agroforestry

7.1.

Economic Benefits and Products

7.1.1.

Diversification of Farm Income

7.1.1.1.

7.1.1.1.1.

7.1.1.1.2.

Production Risk

7.1.1.1.3.

7.1.1.2.

Market Opportunities

7.1.1.2.1.

7.1.1.2.2.

7.1.1.2.3.

Direct Marketing

7.1.1.3.

Seasonal Income Distribution

7.1.1.3.1.

Cash Flow Management

7.1.1.3.2.

Income Stability

7.1.1.3.3.

Emergency Resources

7.1.2.

7.1.2.1.

7.1.2.1.1.

7.1.2.1.2.

7.1.2.1.3.

Seasonal Availability

7.1.2.1.4.

Processing Potential

7.1.2.2.

7.1.2.2.1.

7.1.2.2.2.

Nutritional Value

7.1.2.2.3.

7.1.2.3.

7.1.2.3.1.

Leafy Vegetables

7.1.2.3.2.

Root Vegetables

7.1.2.3.3.

Seasonal Production

7.1.2.4.

Grains and Cereals

7.1.2.4.1.

7.1.2.4.2.

Specialty Grains

7.1.2.4.3.

Nutritional Quality

7.1.3.

Fodder for Livestock

7.1.3.1.

7.1.3.1.1.

Protein Content

7.1.3.1.2.

7.1.3.1.3.

Seasonal Availability

7.1.3.2.

7.1.3.2.1.

Straw and Stalks

7.1.3.2.2.

Processing Requirements

7.1.3.2.3.

Nutritional Enhancement

7.1.3.3.

Browse Materials

7.1.3.3.1.

7.1.3.3.2.

Seasonal Patterns

7.1.3.3.3.

Management Practices

7.1.4.

Fuelwood and Charcoal

7.1.4.1.

Sustainable Harvesting

7.1.4.1.1.

Rotation Cycles

7.1.4.1.2.

Yield Optimization

7.1.4.1.3.

Regeneration Management

7.1.4.2.

Energy Security

7.1.4.2.1.

Household Energy

7.1.4.2.2.

Community Needs

7.1.4.2.3.

Alternative Energy

7.1.4.3.

Processing and Marketing

7.1.4.3.1.

Charcoal Production

7.1.4.3.2.

Improved Stoves

7.1.4.3.3.

7.1.5.

Timber and Poles

7.1.5.1.

7.1.5.1.1.

Construction Timber

7.1.5.1.2.

7.1.5.1.3.

Specialty Products

7.1.5.2.

Harvesting Techniques

7.1.5.2.1.

Selective Harvesting

7.1.5.2.2.

Sustainable Practices

7.1.5.2.3.

Quality Maintenance

7.1.5.3.

Processing and Marketing

7.1.5.3.1.

Primary Processing

7.1.5.3.2.

7.1.5.3.3.

Market Channels

7.1.6.

Non-Timber Forest Products

7.1.6.1.

7.1.6.1.1.

Collection Methods

7.1.6.1.2.

Processing Techniques

7.1.6.1.3.

Market Applications

7.1.6.2.

7.1.6.2.1.

Extraction Processes

7.1.6.2.2.

Quality Standards

7.1.6.2.3.

Commercial Uses

7.1.6.3.

Medicinal Plants

7.1.6.3.1.

Traditional Medicine

7.1.6.3.2.

Pharmaceutical Applications

7.1.6.3.3.

Sustainable Collection

7.1.6.4.

7.1.6.4.1.

7.1.6.4.2.

Processing Methods

7.1.6.4.3.

Market Opportunities

7.1.6.5.

Spices and Condiments

7.1.6.5.1.

7.1.6.5.2.

Processing Requirements

7.1.6.5.3.

7.2.

Ecosystem Services

7.2.1.

Carbon Sequestration

7.2.1.1.

Above-Ground Biomass

7.2.1.1.1.

7.2.1.1.2.

7.2.1.1.3.

Measurement Methods

7.2.1.2.

Soil Carbon Storage

7.2.1.2.1.

Soil Organic Matter

7.2.1.2.2.

7.2.1.2.3.

Long-term Storage

7.2.1.3.

Carbon Trading Opportunities

7.2.1.3.1.

Market Mechanisms

7.2.1.3.2.

Certification Requirements

7.2.1.3.3.

Payment Systems

7.2.2.

Biodiversity Conservation

7.2.2.1.

Habitat Provision

7.2.2.1.1.

Wildlife Habitat

7.2.2.1.2.

Plant Diversity

7.2.2.1.3.

Ecosystem Connectivity

7.2.2.2.

Genetic Resource Conservation

7.2.2.2.1.

7.2.2.2.2.

7.2.2.2.3.

7.2.2.3.

Species Protection

7.2.2.3.1.

Endangered Species

7.2.2.3.2.

Endemic Species

7.2.2.3.3.

Migration Corridors

7.2.3.

Water Quality Improvement

7.2.3.1.

Filtration of Runoff

7.2.3.1.1.

Sediment Trapping

7.2.3.1.2.

Nutrient Removal

7.2.3.1.3.

Chemical Filtration

7.2.3.2.

7.2.3.2.1.

Riparian Buffers

7.2.3.2.2.

7.2.3.2.3.

Wetland Protection

7.2.3.3.

Groundwater Protection

7.2.3.3.1.

Recharge Enhancement

7.2.3.3.2.

Contamination Prevention

7.2.3.3.3.

Quality Maintenance

7.2.4.

Pollination Services

7.2.4.1.

Support for Pollinator Populations

7.2.4.1.1.

Habitat Provision

7.2.4.1.2.

7.2.4.1.3.

7.2.4.2.

Crop Pollination

7.2.4.2.1.

Yield Enhancement

7.2.4.2.2.

Quality Improvement

7.2.4.2.3.

7.2.5.

Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

7.2.5.1.

Resilience to Extreme Weather

7.2.5.1.1.

Drought Tolerance

7.2.5.1.2.

Flood Management

7.2.5.1.3.

Storm Protection

7.2.5.2.

Buffering Microclimate

7.2.5.2.1.

Temperature Moderation

7.2.5.2.2.

Humidity Regulation

7.2.5.2.3.

Wind Protection

7.2.5.3.

Adaptation Strategies

7.2.5.3.1.

Species Selection

7.2.5.3.2.

System Modification

7.2.5.3.3.

Risk Management

7.3.

Social and Cultural Benefits

7.3.1.

Improved Livelihood Resilience

7.3.1.1.

Income Stability

7.3.1.1.1.

Diversified Income

7.3.1.1.2.

7.3.1.1.3.

Emergency Resources

7.3.1.2.

7.3.1.2.1.

Nutritional Diversity

7.3.1.2.2.

Seasonal Availability

7.3.1.2.3.

Household Production

7.3.1.3.

7.3.1.3.1.

7.3.1.3.2.

Land Improvement

7.3.1.3.3.

Capital Accumulation

7.3.2.

Enhancement of Local Knowledge

7.3.2.1.

Traditional Practices

7.3.2.1.1.

Indigenous Knowledge

7.3.2.1.2.

Cultural Preservation

7.3.2.1.3.

Intergenerational Transfer

7.3.2.2.

Knowledge Exchange

7.3.2.2.1.

Farmer-to-Farmer Learning

7.3.2.2.2.

Community Networks

7.3.2.2.3.

Innovation Diffusion

7.3.2.3.

Capacity Building

7.3.2.3.1.

Skill Development

7.3.2.3.2.

Technical Training

7.3.2.3.3.

Leadership Development

7.3.3.

Gender Equity Implications

7.3.3.1.

Women's Roles in Agroforestry

7.3.3.1.1.

Traditional Roles

7.3.3.1.2.

Changing Patterns

7.3.3.1.3.

Empowerment Opportunities

7.3.3.2.

Access to Resources

7.3.3.2.1.

7.3.3.2.2.

7.3.3.2.3.

Technology Access

7.3.3.3.

Decision-Making Participation

7.3.3.3.1.

Household Decisions

7.3.3.3.2.

Community Decisions

7.3.3.3.3.

Market Participation

7.3.4.

Aesthetic and Recreational Value

7.3.4.1.

Landscape Beauty

7.3.4.1.1.

7.3.4.1.2.

Cultural Landscapes

7.3.4.1.3.

Tourism Potential

7.3.4.2.

Community Spaces

7.3.4.2.1.

Gathering Places

7.3.4.2.2.

Recreation Areas

7.3.4.2.3.

7.3.4.3.

Educational Value

7.3.4.3.1.

Learning Opportunities

7.3.4.3.2.

Demonstration Sites

7.3.4.3.3.

Research Platforms

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8. Regional Applications and Examples