Agroforestry

  1. Products and Services from Agroforestry
    1. Economic Benefits and Products
      1. Diversification of Farm Income
        1. Risk Reduction
          1. Market Risk
            1. Production Risk
              1. Climate Risk
              2. Market Opportunities
                1. Niche Markets
                  1. Value Addition
                    1. Direct Marketing
                    2. Seasonal Income Distribution
                      1. Cash Flow Management
                        1. Income Stability
                          1. Emergency Resources
                        2. Food Products
                          1. Fruits
                            1. Tree Fruits
                              1. Shrub Fruits
                                1. Seasonal Availability
                                  1. Processing Potential
                                  2. Nuts
                                    1. Tree Nuts
                                      1. Nutritional Value
                                        1. Storage Life
                                        2. Vegetables
                                          1. Leafy Vegetables
                                            1. Root Vegetables
                                              1. Seasonal Production
                                              2. Grains and Cereals
                                                1. Staple Crops
                                                  1. Specialty Grains
                                                    1. Nutritional Quality
                                                  2. Fodder for Livestock
                                                    1. Leaf Fodder
                                                      1. Protein Content
                                                        1. Palatability
                                                          1. Seasonal Availability
                                                          2. Crop Residues
                                                            1. Straw and Stalks
                                                              1. Processing Requirements
                                                                1. Nutritional Enhancement
                                                                2. Browse Materials
                                                                  1. Woody Browse
                                                                    1. Seasonal Patterns
                                                                      1. Management Practices
                                                                    2. Fuelwood and Charcoal
                                                                      1. Sustainable Harvesting
                                                                        1. Rotation Cycles
                                                                          1. Yield Optimization
                                                                            1. Regeneration Management
                                                                            2. Energy Security
                                                                              1. Household Energy
                                                                                1. Community Needs
                                                                                  1. Alternative Energy
                                                                                  2. Processing and Marketing
                                                                                    1. Charcoal Production
                                                                                      1. Improved Stoves
                                                                                        1. Value Chains
                                                                                      2. Timber and Poles
                                                                                        1. Timber Species
                                                                                          1. Construction Timber
                                                                                            1. Furniture Wood
                                                                                              1. Specialty Products
                                                                                              2. Harvesting Techniques
                                                                                                1. Selective Harvesting
                                                                                                  1. Sustainable Practices
                                                                                                    1. Quality Maintenance
                                                                                                    2. Processing and Marketing
                                                                                                      1. Primary Processing
                                                                                                        1. Value Addition
                                                                                                          1. Market Channels
                                                                                                        2. Non-Timber Forest Products
                                                                                                          1. Resins
                                                                                                            1. Collection Methods
                                                                                                              1. Processing Techniques
                                                                                                                1. Market Applications
                                                                                                                2. Gums
                                                                                                                  1. Extraction Processes
                                                                                                                    1. Quality Standards
                                                                                                                      1. Commercial Uses
                                                                                                                      2. Medicinal Plants
                                                                                                                        1. Traditional Medicine
                                                                                                                          1. Pharmaceutical Applications
                                                                                                                            1. Sustainable Collection
                                                                                                                            2. Fibers
                                                                                                                              1. Natural Fibers
                                                                                                                                1. Processing Methods
                                                                                                                                  1. Market Opportunities
                                                                                                                                  2. Spices and Condiments
                                                                                                                                    1. Culinary Uses
                                                                                                                                      1. Processing Requirements
                                                                                                                                        1. Value Addition
                                                                                                                                    2. Ecosystem Services
                                                                                                                                      1. Carbon Sequestration
                                                                                                                                        1. Above-Ground Biomass
                                                                                                                                          1. Tree Biomass
                                                                                                                                            1. Crop Biomass
                                                                                                                                              1. Measurement Methods
                                                                                                                                              2. Soil Carbon Storage
                                                                                                                                                1. Soil Organic Matter
                                                                                                                                                  1. Root Carbon
                                                                                                                                                    1. Long-term Storage
                                                                                                                                                    2. Carbon Trading Opportunities
                                                                                                                                                      1. Market Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                        1. Certification Requirements
                                                                                                                                                          1. Payment Systems
                                                                                                                                                        2. Biodiversity Conservation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Habitat Provision
                                                                                                                                                            1. Wildlife Habitat
                                                                                                                                                              1. Plant Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                1. Ecosystem Connectivity
                                                                                                                                                                2. Genetic Resource Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Crop Varieties
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tree Species
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wild Relatives
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Species Protection
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Endangered Species
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Endemic Species
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Migration Corridors
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Water Quality Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Filtration of Runoff
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sediment Trapping
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Nutrient Removal
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Chemical Filtration
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Buffer Strips
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Riparian Buffers
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Field Margins
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Wetland Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Groundwater Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Recharge Enhancement
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Contamination Prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Quality Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Pollination Services
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Support for Pollinator Populations
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Habitat Provision
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Food Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Nesting Sites
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Crop Pollination
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Yield Enhancement
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Quality Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Economic Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Resilience to Extreme Weather
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Drought Tolerance
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Flood Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Storm Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Buffering Microclimate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Temperature Moderation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Humidity Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Wind Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Adaptation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Species Selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. System Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Risk Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Social and Cultural Benefits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Improved Livelihood Resilience
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Income Stability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Diversified Income
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Risk Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Emergency Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Food Security
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Nutritional Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Seasonal Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Household Production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Asset Building
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Tree Assets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Land Improvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Capital Accumulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Enhancement of Local Knowledge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Traditional Practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Indigenous Knowledge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cultural Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Intergenerational Transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Knowledge Exchange
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Farmer-to-Farmer Learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Community Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Innovation Diffusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Capacity Building
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Skill Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Technical Training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Leadership Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Gender Equity Implications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Women's Roles in Agroforestry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Traditional Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Changing Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Empowerment Opportunities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Access to Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Land Rights
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Credit Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Technology Access
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Decision-Making Participation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Household Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Community Decisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Market Participation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Aesthetic and Recreational Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Landscape Beauty
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Visual Appeal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cultural Landscapes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Tourism Potential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Community Spaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Gathering Places
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Recreation Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cultural Sites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Educational Value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Learning Opportunities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Demonstration Sites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Research Platforms

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              6. Management of Agroforestry Systems

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              8. Regional Applications and Examples