Aerodynamics

15.

Experimental Aerodynamics

15.1.

Wind Tunnel Testing

15.1.1.

Wind Tunnel Types

15.1.1.1.

Open Circuit Tunnels

15.1.1.2.

Closed Circuit Tunnels

15.1.2.

Speed Classifications

15.1.2.1.

Low-Speed Tunnels

15.1.2.2.

High-Speed Tunnels

15.1.2.3.

Transonic Tunnels

15.1.2.4.

Supersonic Tunnels

15.1.2.5.

Hypersonic Tunnels

15.1.3.

Test Section Design

15.1.3.1.

Open Test Sections

15.1.3.2.

Closed Test Sections

15.1.3.3.

15.1.4.

Wind Tunnel Corrections

15.1.4.1.

Wall Interference

15.1.4.2.

Blockage Corrections

15.1.4.3.

Buoyancy Corrections

15.2.

Flow Measurement Techniques

15.2.1.

Pressure Measurements

15.2.1.1.

Static Pressure

15.2.1.2.

15.2.1.3.

Pressure Distribution

15.2.2.

Velocity Measurements

15.2.2.1.

Pitot-Static Tubes

15.2.2.2.

Hot-Wire Anemometry

15.2.2.3.

Laser Doppler Velocimetry

15.2.2.4.

Particle Image Velocimetry

15.2.3.

Force and Moment Measurements

15.2.3.1.

Balance Systems

15.2.3.2.

Strain Gauge Balances

15.2.3.3.

Load Cell Systems

15.3.

Flow Visualization Methods

15.3.1.

Surface Flow Visualization

15.3.1.1.

Oil Flow Patterns

15.3.1.2.

Pressure-Sensitive Paint

15.3.1.3.

Temperature-Sensitive Paint

15.3.2.

Off-Body Visualization

15.3.2.1.

Smoke Injection

15.3.2.2.

15.3.2.3.

Schlieren Photography

15.3.2.4.

Shadowgraph Techniques

15.3.3.

Advanced Visualization

15.3.3.1.

Holographic Interferometry

15.3.3.2.

Pressure-Sensitive Paint

15.3.3.3.

Molecular Tagging Velocimetry

15.4.

Model Design and Testing

15.4.1.

15.4.1.1.

Geometric Similarity

15.4.1.2.

Dynamic Similarity

15.4.1.3.

Reynolds Number Effects

15.4.2.

Model Construction

15.4.2.1.

Materials Selection

15.4.2.2.

Manufacturing Tolerances

15.4.2.3.

Instrumentation Integration

15.4.3.

15.4.3.1.

Test Matrix Development

15.4.3.2.

Data Quality Assurance

15.4.3.3.

Uncertainty Analysis

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