Global illumination algorithms

Per-pixel lighting

In computer graphics, per-pixel lighting refers to any technique for lighting an image or scene that calculates illumination for each pixel on a rendered image. This is in contrast to other popular methods of lighting such as vertex lighting, which calculates illumination at each vertex of a 3D model and then interpolates the resulting values over the model's faces to calculate the final per-pixel color values. Per-pixel lighting is commonly used with techniques, such as blending, alpha blending, alpha to coverage, anti-aliasing, texture filtering, clipping, hidden-surface determination, Z-buffering, stencil buffering, shading, mipmapping, normal mapping, bump mapping, displacement mapping, parallax mapping, shadow mapping, specular mapping, shadow volumes, high-dynamic-range rendering, ambient occlusion (screen space ambient occlusion, screen space directional occlusion, ray-traced ambient occlusion), ray tracing, global illumination, and tessellation. Each of these techniques provides some additional data about the surface being lit or the scene and light sources that contributes to the final look and feel of the surface. Most modern video game engines implement lighting using per-pixel techniques instead of vertex lighting to achieve increased detail and realism. The id Tech 4 engine, used to develop such games as Brink and Doom 3, was one of the first game engines to implement a completely per-pixel shading engine. All versions of the CryENGINE, Frostbite Engine, and Unreal Engine, among others, also implement per-pixel shading techniques. Deferred shading is a recent development in per-pixel lighting notable for its use in the Frostbite Engine and Battlefield 3. Deferred shading techniques are capable of rendering potentially large numbers of small lights inexpensively (other per-pixel lighting approaches require full-screen calculations for each light in a scene, regardless of size). (Wikipedia).

Video thumbnail

HIGH POWERED LED 2 WATT x 3 in series 6 WATTS Efficient Green Lighting

http://www.greenpowerscience.com/HOTLINKS.php This High Powered LED Light Emitting Diode Series produces the same pure white light as a 90 Watt Halogen Bulb with a total of less than 6 watt power consumption. This lighting requires an AC to DC converter and LED DRIVER for the LED LIGHTS

From playlist LED Light Emitting Diode

Video thumbnail

LED HIGH POWERED 21 watt indoor lighting Light Emitting Diode vs Compact Fluorescent

These are 21watt, 11 watt LED light bulbs. There is also a 68 watt gigantic compact fluorescent bulb. With an ultra bright white roof and walls, you can illuminate grid free for a very low cost.

From playlist LED Light Emitting Diode

Video thumbnail

Physics - Optics: Single Slit Diffraction (8 of 15) Intensity=? General Case

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will calculates the intensity (anywhere) in general caused by the diffraction. Next video in series: http://youtu.be/PpYCIyKJAWM

From playlist PHYSICS 61 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT

Video thumbnail

Physics - Optics: Circular Aperture - Angle of Resolution (1 of 6) Introduction

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will introduce the diffraction pattern of a circular aperture. Next video in series: http://youtu.be/f2Wuo--pdoE

From playlist PHYSICS 61 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT

Video thumbnail

FLASHLIGHT CINEMATOGRAPHY | Shanks FX | PBS Digital Studios

I've always incorporated flashlights in my lighting arsenal. And with LED lights getting more powerful, you now can light people and make it look professional. All you need is a few gadgets and some imagination. Any flashlights that you guys recommend ??? I'm always on the lookout for

From playlist Cinematography

Video thumbnail

Light and Optics 3_1 More on Reflection and Refraction

A more in depth look at reflection and refraction.

From playlist Physics - Light and Optics

Video thumbnail

Experimenting with LEDs | Digital electronics (1 of 10)

How does an LED respond as we apply different voltages? Support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/beneater

From playlist Digital electronics tutorial

Video thumbnail

Physics - Diffraction of Light (2 of 4) The Diffraction Grating

Visit http://ilectureonline.com for more math and science lectures! In this video I will show you how to find the diffraction angle for a 2000slits/cm diffraction grating.

From playlist PHYSICS - OPTICS

Video thumbnail

True Colour and Indexed Colour Bitmaps

This is the second in a sequence of videos about images. It begins by reviewing the impact of resolution (pixel density) and colour depth (the number of bits used to encoded the colour of each pixel) on the quality of an image. It goes on the explain that a true colour 24 bit RGB bitmap

From playlist Images

Video thumbnail

Graphics & Shaders in Wolfram Language: Live with the R&D team

In this stream, we review new features in Graphics & Shaders with Wolfram R&D. Follow us on our official social media channels. Twitter: https://twitter.com/WolframResearch/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/wolframresearch/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/wolframresearch/ L

From playlist Live with the R&D Team

Video thumbnail

Deep Learned Super-Sampling (DLSS) - Computerphile

Can deep learning improve your gaming experience? We have no idea but we know how it works. Dr Mike Pound on Deep Learned Super Sampling EXTRA BITS: https://youtu.be/4ZkrLfEIJXI https://www.facebook.com/computerphile https://twitter.com/computer_phile This video was filmed and edited b

From playlist Computer Vision: Filters (Blur, Edge Detection etc)

Video thumbnail

A Conversation with Brian Hayes, Writer and Photographer

*** Note: Watching in HD 1080 and full screen is strongly recommended. *** MIT Making Science and Engineering Pictures: A Practical Guide to Presenting Your Work, Spring 2016 View the complete course: View the complete course: http://ocw.mit.edu/RES-10-001S16 Instructor: Felice Frankel, Br

From playlist MIT RES.10-001 Making Science and Engineering Pictures: A Practical Guide to Presenting Your Work, Spring 2016

Video thumbnail

NVIDIA’s Ray Tracer: Wow, They Nailed It Again! 🤯

❤️ Train a neural network and track your experiments with Weights & Biases here: http://wandb.me/paperintro 📝 NVIDIA's paper "Fast Volume Rendering with Spatiotemporal Reservoir Resampling" is available here: https://dqlin.xyz/pubs/2021-sa-VOR/ https://graphics.cs.utah.edu/research/projec

From playlist Two Minute Papers

Video thumbnail

Digital Imaging - A Level Physics

An A Level Physics revision video covering Digital Imaging

From playlist A Level Physics Revision

Video thumbnail

OpenGL - transparency (alpha blending)

Code samples derived from work by Joey de Vries, @joeydevries, author of https://learnopengl.com/ All code samples, unless explicitly stated otherwise, are licensed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license as published by Creative Commons, either version 4 of the License, or (at your o

From playlist OpenGL

Video thumbnail

Marc Levoy - Lectures on Digital Photography - Lecture 10 (20apr16).mp4

This is one of 18 videos representing lectures on digital photography, from a version of my Stanford course CS 178 that was recorded at Google in Spring 2016. A web site that includes all 18 videos, my slides, and the course schedule, applets, and assignments is http://sites.google.com/sit

From playlist Stanford: Digital Photography with Marc Levoy | CosmoLearning Computer Science

Video thumbnail

OpenGL - deferred rendering

Code samples derived from work by Joey de Vries, @joeydevries, author of https://learnopengl.com/ All code samples, unless explicitly stated otherwise, are licensed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license as published by Creative Commons, either version 4 of the License, or (at your o

From playlist OpenGL

Video thumbnail

Candela, lumen and lux - Measuring light: from fizzics.org

Measuring light can be of the strength of the source or the intensity of the light at some point. There are three units within the SI system used to make measurements. The video explains the definition and meaning of these different measurements of luminous intensity, luminous flux and ill

From playlist Light, lenses and mirrors

Video thumbnail

Turning the Sun Into a Giant Telescope with Dr. Slava Turyshev

My guest today is Dr. Slava Turyshev, a physicist with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He helped to solve the Pioneer Anomaly, and is developing a mission that could use the Sun's gravity as a natural lens to focus the light from distant objects. https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Tury

From playlist Interviews

Related pages

Interpolation | Ray-traced ambient occlusion | Bounding volume | Clipping (computer graphics) | Screen space ambient occlusion | Screen space directional occlusion | Ray tracing (graphics) | Global illumination | Gouraud shading | Bit blit | Bump mapping | Ambient occlusion | Hidden-surface determination | Tessellation (computer graphics) | Bitmap | Pixel | Phong shading