Wood Science and Technology

15.

Advanced Wood Science and Technology

15.1.

Wood Modification

15.1.1.

Thermal Modification

15.1.1.1.

Heat Treatment Processes

15.1.1.2.

Temperature Effects

15.1.1.3.

Property Changes

15.1.1.4.

Durability Improvements

15.1.2.

Chemical Modification

15.1.2.1.

15.1.2.1.1.

Process Chemistry

15.1.2.1.2.

Property Improvements

15.1.2.1.3.

Commercial Applications

15.1.2.2.

15.1.2.2.1.

Furfuryl Alcohol Treatment

15.1.2.2.2.

Polymerization Process

15.1.2.2.3.

Performance Benefits

15.1.2.3.

Other Chemical Treatments

15.1.2.3.1.

15.1.2.3.2.

15.1.2.3.3.

Silane Treatments

15.1.3.

Physical Modification

15.1.3.1.

15.1.3.2.

15.1.3.3.

Steam Treatment

15.1.3.4.

Compression Methods

15.1.4.

Biological Modification

15.1.4.1.

Enzyme Treatments

15.1.4.2.

Fungal Modification

15.1.4.3.

Bacterial Treatments

15.2.

Nanotechnology Applications

15.2.1.

15.2.1.1.

Cellulose Nanocrystals

15.2.1.1.1.

Isolation Methods

15.2.1.1.2.

Surface Modification

15.2.1.2.

Cellulose Nanofibrils

15.2.1.2.1.

Production Methods

15.2.1.2.2.

Functionalization

15.2.1.2.3.

Composite Applications

15.2.1.3.

Bacterial Nanocellulose

15.2.1.3.1.

Production Systems

15.2.1.3.2.

Unique Properties

15.2.1.3.3.

Biomedical Applications

15.2.2.

Wood-Based Nanocomposites

15.2.2.1.

Nanoparticle Incorporation

15.2.2.2.

Processing Methods

15.2.2.3.

Property Enhancements

15.2.2.4.

Commercial Applications

15.2.3.

Nano-Treatments

15.2.3.1.

Surface Modifications

15.2.3.2.

Penetration Enhancement

15.2.3.3.

Functional Coatings

15.3.

Smart Wood Materials

15.3.1.

Shape Memory Wood

15.3.1.1.

15.3.1.2.

Programming Methods

15.3.2.

Self-Healing Wood

15.3.2.1.

Healing Mechanisms

15.3.2.2.

Microcapsule Systems

15.3.2.3.

Performance Evaluation

15.3.3.

Responsive Wood Systems

15.3.3.1.

Moisture-Responsive Materials

15.3.3.2.

Temperature-Responsive Systems

15.3.3.3.

pH-Responsive Treatments

15.4.

Biotechnology Applications

15.4.1.

Genetic Modification

15.4.1.1.

Tree Improvement

15.4.1.2.

Wood Property Enhancement

15.4.1.3.

Growth Rate Improvement

15.4.2.

Enzyme Applications

15.4.2.1.

Pulping Enhancement

15.4.2.2.

Bleaching Improvement

15.4.2.3.

Fiber Modification

15.4.3.

Microbial Systems

15.4.3.1.

Bioconversion Processes

15.4.3.2.

15.4.3.3.

Biocontrol Agents

15.5.

Sustainable Wood Systems

15.5.1.

Life Cycle Assessment

15.5.1.1.

System Boundaries

15.5.1.2.

Impact Categories

15.5.1.3.

Assessment Methods

15.5.1.4.

15.5.2.

Carbon Sequestration

15.5.2.1.

Forest Carbon Storage

15.5.2.2.

Wood Product Carbon

15.5.2.3.

Carbon Accounting

15.5.2.4.

Climate Benefits

15.5.3.

Circular Economy

15.5.3.1.

Waste Minimization

15.5.3.2.

Recycling Systems

15.5.3.3.

15.5.3.4.

End-of-Life Management

15.5.4.

Certification Systems

15.5.4.1.

Forest Stewardship Council

15.5.4.2.

Sustainable Forestry Initiative

15.5.4.3.

Programme for Endorsement of Forest Certification

15.5.4.4.

Chain of Custody

15.6.

Future Directions

15.6.1.

Emerging Technologies

15.6.1.1.

3D Printing with Wood

15.6.1.2.

Digital Wood Processing

15.6.1.3.

Artificial Intelligence Applications

15.6.1.4.

Robotics in Wood Processing

15.6.2.

New Applications

15.6.2.1.

Transparent Wood

15.6.2.2.

Conductive Wood

15.6.2.3.

15.6.2.4.

15.6.3.

Research Frontiers

15.6.3.1.

Multi-Scale Modeling

15.6.3.2.

Advanced Characterization

15.6.3.3.

Biomimetic Materials

15.6.3.4.

Sustainable Chemistry

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14. Wood Energy and Biofuels

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1. Introduction to Wood Science and Technology