Vascular Biology

6.

Water Transport Physiology

6.1.

Cohesion-Tension Theory

6.1.1.

Theoretical Foundation

6.1.1.1.

Water Properties

6.1.1.2.

Cohesive Forces

6.1.1.3.

Adhesive Forces

6.1.1.4.

Tensile Strength

6.1.2.

Transpiration Drive

6.1.2.1.

Stomatal Regulation

6.1.2.2.

Leaf Water Potential

6.1.2.3.

Atmospheric Demand

6.1.3.

Tension Development

6.1.3.1.

Negative Pressure Creation

6.1.3.2.

Water Potential Gradients

6.1.3.3.

Continuous Water Column

6.2.

Root Water Uptake

6.2.1.

Water Movement Pathways

6.2.1.1.

Apoplastic Pathway

6.2.1.1.1.

Cell Wall Movement

6.2.1.1.2.

Intercellular Spaces

6.2.1.2.

Symplastic Pathway

6.2.1.2.1.

Plasmodesmatal Transport

6.2.1.2.2.

Cytoplasmic Continuity

6.2.1.3.

Transmembrane Pathway

6.2.1.3.1.

Membrane Transport

6.2.1.3.2.

Aquaporin Function

6.2.2.

Root Pressure Phenomena

6.2.2.1.

Active Ion Transport

6.2.2.2.

Osmotic Water Movement

6.2.2.3.

Guttation Process

6.3.

Xylem Transport Efficiency

6.3.1.

Hydraulic Conductivity

6.3.1.1.

Vessel Diameter Effects

6.3.1.2.

6.3.1.3.

Pathway Tortuosity

6.3.2.

Transport Limitations

6.3.2.1.

Cavitation Events

6.3.2.2.

Embolism Formation

6.3.2.3.

Air Bubble Effects

6.3.3.

Repair Mechanisms

6.3.3.1.

Vessel Refilling

6.3.3.2.

Root Pressure Contribution

6.3.3.3.

Osmotic Adjustment

6.4.

Environmental Influences

6.4.1.

Water Stress Effects

6.4.1.1.

Drought Responses

6.4.1.2.

Osmotic Adjustment

6.4.1.3.

Structural Modifications

6.4.2.

Temperature Effects

6.4.2.1.

Viscosity Changes

6.4.2.2.

Membrane Permeability

6.4.2.3.

Metabolic Rates

6.4.3.

Soil Conditions

6.4.3.1.

Water Availability

6.4.3.2.

6.4.3.3.

Nutrient Interactions

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