Vascular Biology

  1. Vascular Tissue Organization
    1. Stele Types and Evolution
      1. Protostele
        1. Structure and Characteristics
          1. Occurrence in Primitive Plants
            1. Evolutionary Significance
            2. Siphonostele
              1. Structure and Characteristics
                1. Leaf Gap Formation
                  1. Occurrence in Ferns
                  2. Eustele
                    1. Structure and Characteristics
                      1. Vascular Bundle Arrangement
                        1. Occurrence in Seed Plants
                        2. Atactostele
                          1. Structure and Characteristics
                            1. Scattered Bundle Pattern
                              1. Occurrence in Monocots
                            2. Root Vascular Organization
                              1. Primary Root Structure
                                1. Radial Vascular Arrangement
                                  1. Xylem Pole Numbers
                                    1. Phloem Positioning
                                    2. Endodermis Function
                                      1. Casparian Strip Formation
                                        1. Suberin Lamellae
                                          1. Passage Cells
                                            1. Transport Regulation
                                            2. Secondary Root Structure
                                              1. Cambial Activity
                                                1. Wood Formation
                                                  1. Bark Development
                                                2. Stem Vascular Organization
                                                  1. Eudicot Stem Structure
                                                    1. Vascular Bundle Ring
                                                      1. Interfascicular Regions
                                                        1. Pith and Cortex
                                                        2. Monocot Stem Structure
                                                          1. Scattered Vascular Bundles
                                                            1. Bundle Types
                                                              1. Ground Tissue Organization
                                                              2. Secondary Stem Structure
                                                                1. Wood Formation
                                                                  1. Bark Development
                                                                    1. Growth Ring Formation
                                                                  2. Leaf Vascular Organization
                                                                    1. Venation Patterns
                                                                      1. Parallel Venation
                                                                        1. Reticulate Venation
                                                                          1. Palmate Venation
                                                                            1. Pinnate Venation
                                                                            2. Vascular Bundle Structure
                                                                              1. Major Veins
                                                                                1. Minor Veins
                                                                                  1. Bundle Sheath Cells
                                                                                  2. Bundle Sheath Extensions
                                                                                    1. Mechanical Support
                                                                                      1. Transport Facilitation
                                                                                        1. Protective Functions

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                                                                                    4. Vascular Development and Differentiation

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                                                                                    6. Water Transport Physiology