Surface and Colloid Chemistry

  1. Surfactants and Self-Assembly
    1. Structure and Properties of Surfactants
      1. Molecular Architecture
        1. Hydrophilic Head Groups
          1. Ionic Head Groups
            1. Non-ionic Head Groups
            2. Hydrophobic Tails
              1. Alkyl Chains
                1. Fluorocarbon Chains
              2. Amphiphilic Nature
                1. Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance
                  1. HLB Scale
                    1. Calculation Methods
                      1. Applications in Emulsification
                    2. Classification of Surfactants
                      1. Anionic Surfactants
                        1. Carboxylates
                          1. Sulfonates
                            1. Sulfates
                              1. Examples and Applications
                              2. Cationic Surfactants
                                1. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
                                  1. Examples and Applications
                                  2. Non-ionic Surfactants
                                    1. Ethoxylated Alcohols
                                      1. Alkyl Polyglucosides
                                        1. Examples and Applications
                                        2. Zwitterionic Surfactants
                                          1. Betaines
                                            1. Amino Acid Derivatives
                                              1. Examples and Applications
                                            2. Micellization
                                              1. Critical Micelle Concentration
                                                1. Definition and Significance
                                                  1. Determination Methods
                                                    1. Surface Tension Measurements
                                                      1. Conductivity Measurements
                                                        1. Fluorescence Spectroscopy
                                                      2. Factors Affecting CMC
                                                        1. Temperature Effects
                                                          1. Ionic Strength Effects
                                                            1. Surfactant Structure Effects
                                                              1. Additives and Cosolvents
                                                              2. Thermodynamics of Micellization
                                                                1. Free Energy of Micellization
                                                                  1. Enthalpy of Micellization
                                                                    1. Entropy of Micellization
                                                                      1. Temperature Dependence
                                                                      2. Micelle Structure and Morphology
                                                                        1. Spherical Micelles
                                                                          1. Rod-like Micelles
                                                                            1. Worm-like Micelles
                                                                              1. Vesicles
                                                                                1. Bilayers
                                                                                2. Aggregation Number
                                                                                  1. Definition and Measurement
                                                                                    1. Factors Affecting Aggregation Number
                                                                                  2. Solubilization in Micellar Solutions
                                                                                    1. Mechanism of Solubilization
                                                                                      1. Loci of Solubilization
                                                                                        1. Solubilization Capacity
                                                                                        2. Factors Affecting Solubilization
                                                                                          1. Applications in Pharmaceuticals
                                                                                            1. Applications in Detergency
                                                                                            2. Emulsions and Foams
                                                                                              1. Emulsion Formation
                                                                                                1. Oil-in-Water Emulsions
                                                                                                  1. Water-in-Oil Emulsions
                                                                                                    1. Multiple Emulsions
                                                                                                      1. Emulsification Methods
                                                                                                      2. Emulsifying Agents
                                                                                                        1. Surfactant Selection
                                                                                                          1. HLB Requirements
                                                                                                            1. Protein Emulsifiers
                                                                                                            2. Emulsion Stability
                                                                                                              1. Creaming
                                                                                                                1. Sedimentation
                                                                                                                  1. Flocculation
                                                                                                                    1. Coalescence
                                                                                                                      1. Ostwald Ripening
                                                                                                                      2. Emulsion Breaking
                                                                                                                        1. Chemical Methods
                                                                                                                          1. Physical Methods
                                                                                                                          2. Foam Structure
                                                                                                                            1. Gas-Liquid Interface
                                                                                                                              1. Plateau Borders
                                                                                                                                1. Foam Films
                                                                                                                                2. Foam Formation
                                                                                                                                  1. Mechanisms of Foam Generation
                                                                                                                                    1. Role of Surfactants
                                                                                                                                    2. Foam Stability
                                                                                                                                      1. Drainage
                                                                                                                                        1. Coarsening
                                                                                                                                          1. Film Rupture
                                                                                                                                            1. Factors Affecting Stability
                                                                                                                                          2. Advanced Self-Assembled Systems
                                                                                                                                            1. Vesicles and Liposomes
                                                                                                                                              1. Structure and Formation
                                                                                                                                                1. Unilamellar and Multilamellar Vesicles
                                                                                                                                                  1. Preparation Methods
                                                                                                                                                    1. Applications in Drug Delivery
                                                                                                                                                    2. Microemulsions
                                                                                                                                                      1. Structure and Properties
                                                                                                                                                        1. Winsor Classification
                                                                                                                                                          1. Phase Behavior
                                                                                                                                                            1. Differences from Conventional Emulsions
                                                                                                                                                            2. Liquid Crystals
                                                                                                                                                              1. Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
                                                                                                                                                                1. Thermotropic Liquid Crystals
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Hexagonal Phase
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Lamellar Phase
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Cubic Phase

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                                                                                                                                                                  6. Stability of Colloidal Systems

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                                                                                                                                                                  8. Applications of Surface and Colloid Chemistry