Surface and Colloid Chemistry

  1. The Solid Interface
    1. Characterization of Solid Surfaces
      1. Surface Area Determination
        1. BET Method
          1. Theory and Assumptions
            1. Experimental Procedure
              1. Data Analysis
              2. Gas Adsorption Techniques
                1. Nitrogen Adsorption
                  1. Argon Adsorption
                    1. Other Probe Gases
                  2. Porosity and Pore Size Distribution
                    1. Micropores
                      1. Mesopores
                        1. Macropores
                          1. BJH Method
                            1. Mercury Porosimetry
                            2. Surface Roughness
                              1. Measurement Techniques
                                1. Impact on Surface Properties
                                2. Spectroscopic Techniques
                                  1. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
                                    1. Surface Composition Analysis
                                      1. Chemical State Information
                                      2. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
                                        1. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)
                                        2. Microscopic Techniques
                                          1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
                                            1. Imaging Principles
                                              1. Surface Morphology Analysis
                                              2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
                                                1. High-Resolution Imaging
                                                  1. Particle Size and Shape Analysis
                                                  2. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
                                                    1. Surface Topography
                                                      1. Force Measurements
                                                      2. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
                                                    2. Adsorption of Gases on Solids
                                                      1. Physisorption
                                                        1. Nature of van der Waals Interactions
                                                          1. Reversibility and Multilayer Formation
                                                            1. Temperature Dependence
                                                            2. Chemisorption
                                                              1. Nature of Chemical Bonds
                                                                1. Irreversibility and Monolayer Formation
                                                                  1. Activation Energy
                                                                  2. Energetics of Adsorption
                                                                    1. Heat of Adsorption
                                                                      1. Isosteric Heat of Adsorption
                                                                        1. Temperature Dependence
                                                                      2. Adsorption Isotherms
                                                                        1. Freundlich Isotherm
                                                                          1. Empirical Nature
                                                                            1. Applicability and Limitations
                                                                            2. Langmuir Isotherm
                                                                              1. Assumptions and Derivation
                                                                                1. Monolayer Coverage
                                                                                  1. Langmuir Constants
                                                                                  2. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Isotherm
                                                                                    1. Multilayer Adsorption Theory
                                                                                      1. Surface Area Determination
                                                                                        1. BET Constants
                                                                                        2. Temkin Isotherm
                                                                                          1. Linear Energy Distribution
                                                                                            1. Heat of Adsorption Variation
                                                                                            2. Frumkin Isotherm
                                                                                              1. Lateral Interactions
                                                                                                1. Activity Coefficients
                                                                                                2. Dubinin-Radushkevich Isotherm
                                                                                                  1. Micropore Filling Theory
                                                                                                3. Adsorption from Solution
                                                                                                  1. Factors Affecting Adsorption
                                                                                                    1. Solute Concentration
                                                                                                      1. Temperature Effects
                                                                                                        1. pH Effects
                                                                                                          1. Ionic Strength
                                                                                                            1. Nature of Adsorbent and Adsorbate
                                                                                                            2. Adsorption Isotherms in Solution
                                                                                                              1. Langmuir Isotherm for Solution
                                                                                                                1. Freundlich Isotherm for Solution
                                                                                                                2. Competitive Adsorption
                                                                                                                  1. Applications in Water Treatment
                                                                                                                    1. Applications in Chromatography
                                                                                                                    2. Heterogeneous Catalysis
                                                                                                                      1. Steps in Catalytic Reactions
                                                                                                                        1. Adsorption of Reactants
                                                                                                                          1. Surface Reaction
                                                                                                                            1. Desorption of Products
                                                                                                                            2. Active Sites
                                                                                                                              1. Nature and Distribution
                                                                                                                                1. Role in Catalytic Activity
                                                                                                                                2. Catalyst Selectivity
                                                                                                                                  1. Shape Selectivity
                                                                                                                                    1. Chemical Selectivity
                                                                                                                                    2. Catalyst Poisoning
                                                                                                                                      1. Causes and Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                        1. Prevention Strategies
                                                                                                                                        2. Catalyst Deactivation
                                                                                                                                          1. Sintering
                                                                                                                                            1. Coking
                                                                                                                                              1. Leaching

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                                                                                                                                          2. The Liquid Interface

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                                                                                                                                          4. Colloidal Dispersions