Sociolinguistics

  1. Language, Power, and Ideology
    1. Language Standardization
      1. The Process of Standardization
        1. Selection
          1. Codification
            1. Elaboration
              1. Acceptance
              2. Standard Language Ideology
                1. Legitimacy of Standard
                  1. Linguistic Purism
                  2. Prescriptivism
                    1. Prescriptivist Attitudes
                      1. Grammar Authorities
                      2. Descriptivism
                        1. Descriptivist Approaches
                          1. Scientific Objectivity
                        2. Language Policy and Planning
                          1. Status Planning
                            1. Official Language Designation
                              1. Language Rights
                                1. Constitutional Provisions
                                2. Corpus Planning
                                  1. Orthography Development
                                    1. Lexical Expansion
                                      1. Terminology Planning
                                      2. Acquisition Planning
                                        1. Language in Education
                                          1. Bilingual Education Models
                                            1. Transitional Bilingual Education
                                              1. Maintenance Bilingual Education
                                                1. Two-way Immersion
                                                2. Language Immersion Programs
                                                3. Prestige Planning
                                                  1. Image and Attitude Change
                                                    1. Promotional Activities
                                                  2. Critical Sociolinguistics
                                                    1. Language and Power Dynamics
                                                      1. Language and Social Inequality
                                                        1. Linguistic Discrimination
                                                          1. Linguistic Profiling
                                                          2. Linguistic Imperialism
                                                            1. English as Global Language
                                                              1. Language Hierarchies
                                                              2. Language and Racism
                                                                1. Racialized Language Ideologies
                                                                  1. Linguistic Racism
                                                                  2. Hate Speech
                                                                    1. Social Impact
                                                                    2. Pejoratives
                                                                      1. Slurs and Epithets
                                                                        1. Reclamation Processes
                                                                      2. Discourse Analysis
                                                                        1. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)
                                                                          1. Ideology in Discourse
                                                                            1. Power Relations in Texts
                                                                              1. Media Discourse
                                                                              2. Conversation Analysis (CA)
                                                                                1. Turn-taking
                                                                                  1. Adjacency Pairs
                                                                                    1. Repair Mechanisms
                                                                                      1. Preference Organization
                                                                                      2. Interactional Sociolinguistics
                                                                                        1. Contextualization Cues
                                                                                          1. Frame Analysis
                                                                                            1. Gumperz's Approach

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                                                                                        4. Language Contact and Multilingualism

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                                                                                        6. Sociolinguistic Methods