Second Language Acquisition

  1. Major Theoretical Frameworks in SLA
    1. Nativist and Universal Grammar Perspectives
      1. The Logical Problem of Language Acquisition
        1. Poverty of the Stimulus
          1. Underdetermination Problem
          2. Principles and Parameters Theory
            1. Universal Principles
              1. Language-Specific Parameters
                1. Parameter Setting
                2. Access to UG in L2 Learning
                  1. No Access Hypothesis
                    1. Partial Access Hypothesis
                      1. Full Access Hypothesis
                        1. Critical Period Effects
                        2. Krashen's Monitor Model
                          1. Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
                            1. Monitor Hypothesis
                              1. Natural Order Hypothesis
                                1. Input Hypothesis
                                  1. Affective Filter Hypothesis
                                    1. Criticisms and Limitations
                                  2. Cognitive and Processing-Based Approaches
                                    1. Information Processing Models
                                      1. Controlled Processing
                                        1. Automatic Processing
                                          1. Transition Mechanisms
                                          2. Skill Acquisition Theory
                                            1. Declarative Knowledge
                                              1. Procedural Knowledge
                                                1. Automatization Process
                                                  1. Practice Effects
                                                  2. Competition Model
                                                    1. Cue Validity
                                                      1. Cue Strength
                                                        1. Competition Mechanisms
                                                        2. Processability Theory
                                                          1. Processing Constraints
                                                            1. Developmental Stages
                                                              1. Implicational Hierarchy
                                                              2. Connectionism and Emergentism
                                                                1. Neural Network Models
                                                                  1. Pattern Learning
                                                                    1. Frequency Effects
                                                                      1. Usage-Based Learning
                                                                      2. Working Memory and Attention
                                                                        1. Working Memory Components
                                                                          1. Attention in SLA
                                                                            1. Schmidt's Noticing Hypothesis
                                                                              1. Noticing and Awareness
                                                                                1. Intake Process
                                                                            2. Interactionist Approaches
                                                                              1. Interaction Hypothesis
                                                                                1. Role of Interaction
                                                                                  1. Negotiation for Meaning
                                                                                    1. Comprehensible Input through Interaction
                                                                                      1. Feedback Mechanisms
                                                                                      2. Output Hypothesis
                                                                                        1. Functions of Output
                                                                                          1. Noticing Function
                                                                                            1. Hypothesis-Testing Function
                                                                                              1. Metalinguistic Function
                                                                                              2. Pushed Output
                                                                                                1. Collaborative Dialogue
                                                                                              3. Sociocultural and Sociolinguistic Perspectives
                                                                                                1. Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
                                                                                                  1. Mediation
                                                                                                    1. Zone of Proximal Development
                                                                                                      1. Scaffolding
                                                                                                        1. Private Speech
                                                                                                          1. Inner Speech
                                                                                                          2. Language Socialization
                                                                                                            1. Social Practices
                                                                                                              1. Community of Practice
                                                                                                                1. Identity Formation
                                                                                                                2. Acculturation Model
                                                                                                                  1. Social Distance
                                                                                                                    1. Psychological Distance
                                                                                                                      1. Acculturation Strategies
                                                                                                                      2. Social Identity and Investment
                                                                                                                        1. Identity Construction
                                                                                                                          1. Investment Theory
                                                                                                                            1. Power Relations

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                                                                                                                        2. The Role of the First Language

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                                                                                                                        4. Individual Learner Differences