Reproductive Biology

  1. Pregnancy and Fetal Development
    1. Early Embryogenesis
      1. Gastrulation
        1. Primitive Streak Formation
          1. Germ Layer Formation
            1. Ectoderm
              1. Mesoderm
                1. Endoderm
                2. Cell Migration Patterns
                3. Neurulation
                  1. Neural Plate Formation
                    1. Neural Tube Closure
                      1. Neural Crest Cell Migration
                      2. Organogenesis
                        1. Cardiovascular System Development
                          1. Nervous System Development
                            1. Digestive System Development
                              1. Respiratory System Development
                                1. Urogenital System Development
                                  1. Musculoskeletal System Development
                                2. Placental Development and Function
                                  1. Placental Formation
                                    1. Trophoblast Differentiation
                                      1. Villous Development
                                        1. Maternal Blood Space Formation
                                          1. Placental Circulation Establishment
                                          2. Placental Structure
                                            1. Fetal Components
                                              1. Maternal Components
                                                1. Placental Barrier
                                                  1. Vascular Architecture
                                                  2. Placental Functions
                                                    1. Gas Exchange
                                                      1. Nutrient Transfer
                                                        1. Waste Removal
                                                          1. Immune Protection
                                                            1. Endocrine Function
                                                              1. hCG Production
                                                                1. Steroid Hormone Synthesis
                                                                  1. Protein Hormone Production
                                                              2. Fetal Development by Trimester
                                                                1. First Trimester
                                                                  1. Embryonic Period
                                                                    1. Major Organ Formation
                                                                      1. Critical Developmental Windows
                                                                        1. Teratogen Sensitivity
                                                                        2. Second Trimester
                                                                          1. Fetal Growth Acceleration
                                                                            1. Organ Maturation
                                                                              1. Fetal Movement
                                                                                1. Sex Determination
                                                                                2. Third Trimester
                                                                                  1. Rapid Growth
                                                                                    1. Lung Maturation
                                                                                      1. Brain Development
                                                                                        1. Preparation for Birth
                                                                                      2. Maternal Adaptations to Pregnancy
                                                                                        1. Cardiovascular Changes
                                                                                          1. Blood Volume Expansion
                                                                                            1. Cardiac Output Increase
                                                                                              1. Blood Pressure Changes
                                                                                              2. Respiratory Changes
                                                                                                1. Oxygen Consumption Increase
                                                                                                  1. Ventilation Changes
                                                                                                    1. Acid-Base Balance
                                                                                                    2. Metabolic Changes
                                                                                                      1. Glucose Metabolism
                                                                                                        1. Lipid Metabolism
                                                                                                          1. Protein Metabolism
                                                                                                            1. Weight Gain
                                                                                                            2. Endocrine Changes
                                                                                                              1. Hormone Level Alterations
                                                                                                                1. Insulin Resistance
                                                                                                                  1. Thyroid Function
                                                                                                                  2. Immune System Adaptations
                                                                                                                    1. Maternal Tolerance
                                                                                                                      1. Infection Susceptibility
                                                                                                                    2. Parturition
                                                                                                                      1. Initiation of Labor
                                                                                                                        1. Hormonal Triggers
                                                                                                                          1. Fetal Signals
                                                                                                                            1. Maternal Factors
                                                                                                                            2. Hormonal Control
                                                                                                                              1. Oxytocin Role
                                                                                                                                1. Prostaglandin Function
                                                                                                                                  1. Relaxin Effects
                                                                                                                                  2. Stages of Labor
                                                                                                                                    1. First Stage
                                                                                                                                      1. Latent Phase
                                                                                                                                        1. Active Phase
                                                                                                                                          1. Transition Phase
                                                                                                                                          2. Second Stage
                                                                                                                                            1. Fetal Descent
                                                                                                                                              1. Delivery
                                                                                                                                              2. Third Stage
                                                                                                                                                1. Placental Delivery
                                                                                                                                              3. Uterine Contractions
                                                                                                                                                1. Contraction Patterns
                                                                                                                                                  1. Cervical Changes
                                                                                                                                                    1. Fetal Position Changes
                                                                                                                                                  2. Lactation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Mammary Gland Development
                                                                                                                                                      1. Pregnancy Changes
                                                                                                                                                        1. Hormonal Influences
                                                                                                                                                        2. Milk Production
                                                                                                                                                          1. Colostrum
                                                                                                                                                            1. Transitional Milk
                                                                                                                                                              1. Mature Milk
                                                                                                                                                              2. Hormonal Control
                                                                                                                                                                1. Prolactin Function
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Oxytocin Role
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Inhibiting Factors
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Milk Ejection Reflex
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Neural Pathways
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Hormonal Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Nutritional Composition
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Macronutrients
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Micronutrients
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Immunological Components

                                                                                                                                                                          Previous

                                                                                                                                                                          5. Fertilization and Early Development

                                                                                                                                                                          Go to top

                                                                                                                                                                          Next

                                                                                                                                                                          7. Comparative Reproductive Biology