Pulp and Paper Technology

  1. Paper Properties and Testing
    1. Basic Properties
      1. Grammage
        1. Measurement Methods
          1. Sampling Procedures
            1. Accuracy Requirements
            2. Caliper
              1. Measurement Techniques
                1. Instrument Types
                  1. Precision Factors
                  2. Bulk and Density
                    1. Calculation Methods
                      1. Property Relationships
                        1. Quality Implications
                        2. Formation
                          1. Visual Assessment
                            1. Instrumental Methods
                              1. Quality Standards
                            2. Mechanical Properties
                              1. Tensile Properties
                                1. Tensile Strength
                                  1. Tensile Stiffness
                                    1. Stretch Characteristics
                                    2. Tearing Resistance
                                      1. Test Methods
                                        1. Directional Effects
                                          1. Quality Requirements
                                          2. Bursting Strength
                                            1. Test Procedures
                                              1. Property Correlations
                                              2. Bending Stiffness
                                                1. Measurement Methods
                                                  1. Directional Properties
                                                    1. End-Use Requirements
                                                    2. Folding Endurance
                                                      1. Test Procedures
                                                        1. Durability Assessment
                                                          1. Quality Standards
                                                        2. Optical Properties
                                                          1. Brightness and Whiteness
                                                            1. Measurement Standards
                                                              1. Instrument Calibration
                                                                1. Quality Specifications
                                                                2. Opacity
                                                                  1. Measurement Principles
                                                                    1. Quality Requirements
                                                                    2. Gloss Characteristics
                                                                      1. Measurement Angles
                                                                        1. Surface Quality
                                                                        2. Color Properties
                                                                          1. Color Measurement
                                                                            1. Color Matching
                                                                              1. Quality Control
                                                                            2. Surface Properties
                                                                              1. Smoothness
                                                                                1. Measurement Methods
                                                                                  1. Surface Uniformity
                                                                                  2. Roughness
                                                                                    1. Measurement Techniques
                                                                                      1. Coating Interactions
                                                                                        1. Quality Assessment
                                                                                        2. Porosity
                                                                                          1. Air Permeability
                                                                                            1. Liquid Absorption
                                                                                              1. Barrier Properties
                                                                                            2. Liquid Interaction
                                                                                              1. Water Absorption
                                                                                                1. Cobb Test Method
                                                                                                  1. Absorption Rate
                                                                                                    1. Sizing Effectiveness
                                                                                                    2. Sizing Degree
                                                                                                      1. Measurement Methods
                                                                                                        1. Water Resistance
                                                                                                          1. Quality Control

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                                                                                                      8. Finishing and Converting

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                                                                                                      10. Chemical Recovery and Utilities