Pulp and Paper Technology

  1. Pulping Processes
    1. Mechanical Pulping
      1. Process Principles
        1. Fiber Separation Mechanisms
          1. Energy Requirements
            1. Yield Considerations
            2. Stone Groundwood
              1. Process Description
                1. Equipment Design
                  1. Product Characteristics
                  2. Pressurized Groundwood
                    1. Process Modifications
                      1. Advantages
                      2. Refiner Mechanical Pulp
                        1. Refiner Types
                          1. Single-Disc Refiners
                            1. Double-Disc Refiners
                            2. Process Variables
                              1. Consistency
                                1. Temperature
                                  1. Energy Input
                                2. Thermomechanical Pulp
                                  1. Preheating Stage
                                    1. Refining Operations
                                      1. Product Properties
                                      2. Chemi-Thermomechanical Pulp
                                        1. Chemical Pretreatment
                                          1. Process Benefits
                                          2. Mechanical Pulp Characteristics
                                            1. High Yield
                                              1. Moderate Strength
                                                1. Good Printability
                                                  1. Brightness Limitations
                                                2. Chemical Pulping
                                                  1. Delignification Principles
                                                    1. Chemical Reactions
                                                      1. Selectivity Factors
                                                        1. Process Control
                                                        2. Kraft Process
                                                          1. Cooking Stage
                                                            1. White Liquor Preparation
                                                              1. Digester Operations
                                                                1. Cooking Variables
                                                                2. Washing Operations
                                                                  1. Brownstock Washing
                                                                    1. Equipment Types
                                                                      1. Efficiency Factors
                                                                      2. Screening and Cleaning
                                                                        1. Shive Removal
                                                                          1. Knot Separation
                                                                            1. Quality Control
                                                                          2. Sulfite Process
                                                                            1. Process Chemistry
                                                                              1. Acid Sulfite Variant
                                                                                1. Bisulfite Variant
                                                                                2. Chemical Pulp Properties
                                                                                  1. Lower Yield
                                                                                    1. High Strength
                                                                                      1. Good Bleachability
                                                                                        1. Purity Levels
                                                                                      2. Semi-Chemical Pulping
                                                                                        1. Process Overview
                                                                                          1. Chemical Pretreatment
                                                                                            1. Mechanical Refining
                                                                                            2. Recycled Fiber Processing
                                                                                              1. Repulping Operations
                                                                                                1. Pulper Types
                                                                                                  1. Operating Conditions
                                                                                                    1. Fiber Liberation
                                                                                                    2. Contaminant Removal
                                                                                                      1. Screening Systems
                                                                                                        1. Cleaning Equipment
                                                                                                          1. Stickies Control
                                                                                                          2. Deinking Processes
                                                                                                            1. Flotation Deinking
                                                                                                              1. Process Principles
                                                                                                                1. Equipment Design
                                                                                                                  1. Chemical Requirements
                                                                                                                  2. Washing Deinking
                                                                                                                    1. Process Principles
                                                                                                                      1. Equipment Types
                                                                                                                        1. Efficiency Factors

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                                                                                                                  4. Wood Preparation

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                                                                                                                  6. Pulp Processing and Stock Preparation