Pulp and Paper Technology

  1. Pulp Processing and Stock Preparation
    1. Pulp Bleaching
      1. Bleaching Objectives
        1. Brightness Enhancement
          1. Lignin Removal
            1. Purity Improvement
            2. Bleaching Chemistry
              1. Reaction Mechanisms
                1. Stage Sequences
                  1. Chemical Interactions
                  2. Elemental Chlorine Free Bleaching
                    1. Process Stages
                      1. Chemical Usage
                        1. Environmental Benefits
                        2. Totally Chlorine Free Bleaching
                          1. Process Alternatives
                            1. Chemical Requirements
                              1. Product Quality
                              2. Bleaching Chemicals
                                1. Chlorine Dioxide
                                  1. Generation Methods
                                    1. Application
                                    2. Oxygen
                                      1. Delignification Role
                                        1. Process Conditions
                                        2. Hydrogen Peroxide
                                          1. Brightening Effects
                                            1. Stabilization
                                            2. Ozone
                                              1. Oxidative Properties
                                                1. Application Methods
                                            3. Stock Preparation
                                              1. Beating and Refining
                                                1. Refining Objectives
                                                  1. Fiber Development
                                                    1. Bonding Enhancement
                                                      1. Property Modification
                                                      2. Fiber Modifications
                                                        1. External Fibrillation
                                                          1. Internal Fibrillation
                                                            1. Fiber Cutting
                                                            2. Refiner Types
                                                              1. Conical Refiners
                                                                1. Disc Refiners
                                                                  1. Jordan Refiners
                                                                2. Wet-End Chemistry
                                                                  1. Functional Additives
                                                                    1. Sizing Agents
                                                                      1. Rosin Size
                                                                        1. Alkyl Ketene Dimer
                                                                          1. Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride
                                                                          2. Strength Additives
                                                                            1. Dry-Strength Agents
                                                                              1. Starch Types
                                                                                1. Polyacrylamides
                                                                                2. Wet-Strength Resins
                                                                                  1. Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin
                                                                                    1. Polyamine-Epichlorohydrin
                                                                                3. Process Additives
                                                                                  1. Retention Aids
                                                                                    1. Cationic Polymers
                                                                                      1. Microparticle Systems
                                                                                      2. Drainage Aids
                                                                                        1. Bentonite
                                                                                          1. Silica Sol
                                                                                          2. Defoamers
                                                                                            1. Silicone-Based
                                                                                              1. Mineral Oil-Based
                                                                                            2. Fillers and Pigments
                                                                                              1. Kaolin Clay
                                                                                                1. Processing Effects
                                                                                                2. Calcium Carbonate
                                                                                                  1. Precipitated Forms
                                                                                                    1. Ground Forms
                                                                                                    2. Titanium Dioxide
                                                                                                      1. Opacity Enhancement
                                                                                                        1. Brightness Improvement

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                                                                                                5. Pulping Processes

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                                                                                                7. Papermaking Machine