Pulp and Paper Technology

6.

Pulp Processing and Stock Preparation

6.1.

6.1.1.

Bleaching Objectives

6.1.1.1.

Brightness Enhancement

6.1.1.2.

6.1.1.3.

Purity Improvement

6.1.2.

Bleaching Chemistry

6.1.2.1.

Reaction Mechanisms

6.1.2.2.

Stage Sequences

6.1.2.3.

Chemical Interactions

6.1.3.

Elemental Chlorine Free Bleaching

6.1.3.1.

6.1.3.2.

6.1.3.3.

Environmental Benefits

6.1.4.

Totally Chlorine Free Bleaching

6.1.4.1.

Process Alternatives

6.1.4.2.

Chemical Requirements

6.1.4.3.

Product Quality

6.1.5.

Bleaching Chemicals

6.1.5.1.

Chlorine Dioxide

6.1.5.1.1.

Generation Methods

6.1.5.1.2.

6.1.5.2.

6.1.5.2.1.

Delignification Role

6.1.5.2.2.

Process Conditions

6.1.5.3.

Hydrogen Peroxide

6.1.5.3.1.

Brightening Effects

6.1.5.3.2.

6.1.5.4.

6.1.5.4.1.

Oxidative Properties

6.1.5.4.2.

Application Methods

6.2.

Stock Preparation

6.2.1.

Beating and Refining

6.2.1.1.

Refining Objectives

6.2.1.1.1.

Fiber Development

6.2.1.1.2.

Bonding Enhancement

6.2.1.1.3.

Property Modification

6.2.1.2.

Fiber Modifications

6.2.1.2.1.

External Fibrillation

6.2.1.2.2.

Internal Fibrillation

6.2.1.2.3.

6.2.1.3.

6.2.1.3.1.

Conical Refiners

6.2.1.3.2.

6.2.1.3.3.

Jordan Refiners

6.2.2.

Wet-End Chemistry

6.2.2.1.

Functional Additives

6.2.2.1.1.

6.2.2.1.1.1.

6.2.2.1.1.2.

Alkyl Ketene Dimer

6.2.2.1.1.3.

Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride

6.2.2.1.2.

Strength Additives

6.2.2.1.2.1.

Dry-Strength Agents

6.2.2.1.2.1.1.

6.2.2.1.2.1.2.

Polyacrylamides

6.2.2.1.2.2.

Wet-Strength Resins

6.2.2.1.2.2.1.

Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin

6.2.2.1.2.2.2.

Polyamine-Epichlorohydrin

6.2.2.2.

Process Additives

6.2.2.2.1.

6.2.2.2.1.1.

Cationic Polymers

6.2.2.2.1.2.

Microparticle Systems

6.2.2.2.2.

6.2.2.2.2.1.

6.2.2.2.2.2.

6.2.2.2.3.

6.2.2.2.3.1.

6.2.2.2.3.2.

Mineral Oil-Based

6.2.2.3.

Fillers and Pigments

6.2.2.3.1.

6.2.2.3.1.1.

Processing Effects

6.2.2.3.2.

Calcium Carbonate

6.2.2.3.2.1.

Precipitated Forms

6.2.2.3.2.2.

6.2.2.3.3.

Titanium Dioxide

6.2.2.3.3.1.

Opacity Enhancement

6.2.2.3.3.2.

Brightness Improvement

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