Plant Molecular Biology

  1. Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli
    1. Biotic Stress Responses
      1. Plant-Pathogen Interactions
        1. Pathogen Recognition
          1. Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
            1. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
              1. Effector Recognition
              2. Plant Immune System
                1. Pattern Recognition Receptors
                  1. Resistance Genes
                    1. Guard Hypothesis
                    2. Defense Responses
                      1. Hypersensitive Response
                        1. Cell Wall Reinforcement
                          1. Antimicrobial Compounds
                          2. Systemic Responses
                            1. Systemic Acquired Resistance
                              1. Induced Systemic Resistance
                            2. Plant-Herbivore Interactions
                              1. Direct Defenses
                                1. Physical Barriers
                                  1. Chemical Defenses
                                    1. Alkaloids
                                      1. Terpenoids
                                        1. Phenolic Compounds
                                          1. Protease Inhibitors
                                        2. Indirect Defenses
                                          1. Volatile Organic Compounds
                                            1. Extrafloral Nectaries
                                            2. Induced Defenses
                                              1. Jasmonate Signaling
                                                1. Wound Response
                                              2. Beneficial Interactions
                                                1. Rhizobial Symbiosis
                                                  1. Nodulation Process
                                                    1. Nitrogen Fixation
                                                      1. Nod Factor Signaling
                                                      2. Mycorrhizal Associations
                                                        1. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
                                                          1. Ectomycorrhizae
                                                            1. Nutrient Exchange
                                                              1. Signaling Pathways
                                                          2. Abiotic Stress Responses
                                                            1. Water Stress
                                                              1. Drought Stress
                                                                1. Water Deficit Sensing
                                                                  1. ABA-Mediated Responses
                                                                    1. Osmotic Adjustment
                                                                      1. Drought Tolerance Mechanisms
                                                                      2. Flooding Stress
                                                                        1. Oxygen Deprivation
                                                                          1. Aerenchyma Formation
                                                                            1. Metabolic Adjustments
                                                                          2. Salinity Stress
                                                                            1. Salt Sensing
                                                                              1. Ion Homeostasis
                                                                                1. Na+ Exclusion
                                                                                  1. K+ Retention
                                                                                  2. SOS Pathway
                                                                                    1. Compatible Solute Accumulation
                                                                                      1. Proline
                                                                                        1. Glycine Betaine
                                                                                          1. Trehalose
                                                                                        2. Temperature Stress
                                                                                          1. Heat Stress
                                                                                            1. Heat Sensing
                                                                                              1. Heat Shock Response
                                                                                                1. Heat Shock Proteins
                                                                                                  1. Thermotolerance
                                                                                                  2. Cold Stress
                                                                                                    1. Cold Sensing
                                                                                                      1. CBF Pathway
                                                                                                        1. Cold-Responsive Genes
                                                                                                          1. Membrane Adaptation
                                                                                                            1. Freezing Tolerance
                                                                                                          2. Light Stress
                                                                                                            1. High Light Stress
                                                                                                              1. Photoinhibition
                                                                                                                1. Non-Photochemical Quenching
                                                                                                                  1. Antioxidant Systems
                                                                                                                  2. UV Radiation
                                                                                                                    1. UV-B Perception
                                                                                                                      1. DNA Damage and Repair
                                                                                                                        1. UV-Screening Compounds
                                                                                                                      2. Nutrient Stress
                                                                                                                        1. Nitrogen Deficiency
                                                                                                                          1. Sensing and Signaling
                                                                                                                            1. Root Architecture Changes
                                                                                                                              1. Nitrogen Use Efficiency
                                                                                                                              2. Phosphorus Deficiency
                                                                                                                                1. Root Hair Elongation
                                                                                                                                  1. Acid Phosphatase Induction
                                                                                                                                    1. Mycorrhizal Associations
                                                                                                                                    2. Iron Deficiency
                                                                                                                                      1. Strategy I Response
                                                                                                                                        1. Strategy II Response
                                                                                                                                      2. Oxidative Stress
                                                                                                                                        1. Reactive Oxygen Species
                                                                                                                                          1. Sources of ROS
                                                                                                                                            1. ROS as Signaling Molecules
                                                                                                                                            2. Antioxidant Systems
                                                                                                                                              1. Enzymatic Antioxidants
                                                                                                                                                1. Superoxide Dismutase
                                                                                                                                                  1. Catalase
                                                                                                                                                    1. Peroxidases
                                                                                                                                                    2. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants
                                                                                                                                                      1. Ascorbate
                                                                                                                                                        1. Glutathione
                                                                                                                                                          1. Tocopherols

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                                                                                                                                                  5. Plant Development and Signaling

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                                                                                                                                                  7. Techniques and Technologies in Plant Molecular Biology