Plant Molecular Biology

  1. Plant Development and Signaling
    1. Plant Hormone Signaling
      1. Auxins
        1. Biosynthesis Pathways
          1. Tryptophan-Dependent Pathway
            1. Tryptophan-Independent Pathway
            2. Transport Mechanisms
              1. Polar Auxin Transport
                1. Auxin Carriers
                2. Signal Transduction
                  1. Auxin Response Factors
                    1. Aux/IAA Proteins
                    2. Developmental Roles
                      1. Apical Dominance
                        1. Root Development
                          1. Vascular Differentiation
                        2. Gibberellins
                          1. Biosynthesis
                            1. Terpenoid Pathway
                              1. GA Biosynthetic Enzymes
                              2. Signal Transduction
                                1. DELLA Proteins
                                  1. GA Receptors
                                  2. Physiological Functions
                                    1. Stem Elongation
                                      1. Seed Germination
                                        1. Flowering
                                      2. Cytokinins
                                        1. Biosynthesis
                                          1. Adenine Derivatives
                                            1. Biosynthetic Enzymes
                                            2. Perception and Signaling
                                              1. Histidine Kinases
                                                1. Response Regulators
                                                2. Functions
                                                  1. Cell Division
                                                    1. Shoot Meristem Maintenance
                                                      1. Leaf Senescence
                                                    2. Abscisic Acid
                                                      1. Biosynthesis
                                                        1. Carotenoid Pathway
                                                          1. ABA Biosynthetic Enzymes
                                                          2. Signal Transduction
                                                            1. ABA Receptors
                                                              1. Protein Phosphatases
                                                                1. Transcription Factors
                                                                2. Stress Response
                                                                  1. Drought Tolerance
                                                                    1. Seed Dormancy
                                                                      1. Stomatal Closure
                                                                    2. Ethylene
                                                                      1. Biosynthesis
                                                                        1. ACC Synthase
                                                                          1. ACC Oxidase
                                                                          2. Signal Transduction
                                                                            1. Ethylene Receptors
                                                                              1. CTR1 Kinase
                                                                                1. EIN2 and EIN3
                                                                                2. Physiological Responses
                                                                                  1. Fruit Ripening
                                                                                    1. Senescence
                                                                                      1. Stress Response
                                                                                    2. Brassinosteroids
                                                                                      1. Biosynthesis
                                                                                        1. Steroid Pathway
                                                                                        2. Signal Transduction
                                                                                          1. BRI1 Receptor
                                                                                            1. BES1/BZR1 Transcription Factors
                                                                                            2. Functions
                                                                                              1. Cell Expansion
                                                                                                1. Vascular Development
                                                                                              2. Jasmonates
                                                                                                1. Biosynthesis
                                                                                                  1. Octadecanoid Pathway
                                                                                                  2. Signal Transduction
                                                                                                    1. COI1 Receptor
                                                                                                      1. JAZ Proteins
                                                                                                      2. Defense Responses
                                                                                                        1. Wound Response
                                                                                                          1. Pathogen Defense
                                                                                                        2. Salicylic Acid
                                                                                                          1. Biosynthesis
                                                                                                            1. Phenylpropanoid Pathway
                                                                                                            2. Signal Transduction
                                                                                                              1. NPR1 Protein
                                                                                                              2. Disease Resistance
                                                                                                                1. Systemic Acquired Resistance
                                                                                                              3. Strigolactones
                                                                                                                1. Biosynthesis
                                                                                                                  1. Carotenoid-Derived
                                                                                                                  2. Functions
                                                                                                                    1. Shoot Branching
                                                                                                                      1. Root Development
                                                                                                                        1. Symbiotic Interactions
                                                                                                                      2. Hormone Interactions
                                                                                                                        1. Synergistic Effects
                                                                                                                          1. Antagonistic Effects
                                                                                                                            1. Signal Integration
                                                                                                                          2. Light Signaling and Photomorphogenesis
                                                                                                                            1. Photoreceptors
                                                                                                                              1. Phytochromes
                                                                                                                                1. Structure and Photoconversion
                                                                                                                                  1. Phytochrome Family
                                                                                                                                    1. Nuclear Translocation
                                                                                                                                    2. Cryptochromes
                                                                                                                                      1. Blue Light Perception
                                                                                                                                        1. Circadian Clock
                                                                                                                                        2. Phototropins
                                                                                                                                          1. Phototropism
                                                                                                                                            1. Stomatal Opening
                                                                                                                                              1. Chloroplast Movement
                                                                                                                                              2. UVR8
                                                                                                                                                1. UV-B Perception
                                                                                                                                              3. Photomorphogenic Responses
                                                                                                                                                1. Seed Germination
                                                                                                                                                  1. De-etiolation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Shade Avoidance
                                                                                                                                                      1. Photoperiodic Flowering
                                                                                                                                                      2. Circadian Clock
                                                                                                                                                        1. Core Oscillator
                                                                                                                                                          1. CCA1 and LHY
                                                                                                                                                            1. TOC1
                                                                                                                                                              1. PRR Proteins
                                                                                                                                                              2. Input Pathways
                                                                                                                                                                1. Output Pathways
                                                                                                                                                              3. Developmental Control Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                1. Embryogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pattern Formation
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cell Fate Specification
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Seed Development
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Meristem Function
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Shoot Apical Meristem
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Stem Cell Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Organ Initiation
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Phyllotaxy
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Root Apical Meristem
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Root Cap Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cell Division Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Cambial Meristem
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Secondary Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Organ Development
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Leaf Development
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Leaf Initiation
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Adaxial-Abaxial Polarity
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Leaf Shape Determination
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Root Development
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Primary Root Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Lateral Root Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Root Hair Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Flower Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Floral Meristem Identity
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. ABCDE Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Floral Organ Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Fruit Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fruit Set
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fruit Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ripening
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Flowering Time Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Photoperiodic Pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Photoperiod Perception
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. CONSTANS Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. FT Protein
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Vernalization Pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. FLC Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Chromatin Modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Autonomous Pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Gibberellin Pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Age Pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Senescence and Cell Death
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Leaf Senescence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Nutrient Remobilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Chlorophyll Degradation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Programmed Cell Death
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Developmental PCD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Stress-Induced PCD

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4. Molecular Basis of Plant Physiology

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                              6. Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli