Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology

  1. Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants
    1. Transcriptional Regulation
      1. Cis-acting Regulatory Elements
        1. Promoters
          1. Proximal Promoter Elements
            1. Distal Promoter Elements
            2. Enhancers
              1. Tissue-Specific Enhancers
                1. Stress-Responsive Enhancers
                2. Silencers
                  1. Negative Regulatory Elements
                3. Trans-acting Factors
                  1. Types of Plant Transcription Factors
                    1. Basic Helix-Loop-Helix
                      1. MYB Family
                        1. WRKY Family
                          1. AP2/ERF Family
                          2. DNA-Binding Domains
                            1. Protein-Protein Interactions
                            2. Chromatin Remodeling
                              1. Nucleosome Positioning
                                1. Chromatin Remodeling Complexes
                                  1. SWI/SNF Complexes
                                    1. ISWI Complexes
                                  2. Histone Modification
                                    1. Acetylation
                                      1. Histone Acetyltransferases
                                        1. Histone Deacetylases
                                        2. Methylation
                                          1. Histone Methyltransferases
                                            1. Histone Demethylases
                                            2. Phosphorylation
                                              1. Histone Code Hypothesis
                                            3. Post-Transcriptional Regulation
                                              1. Alternative Splicing
                                                1. Regulation and Functional Consequences
                                                  1. Splicing Enhancers and Silencers
                                                  2. mRNA Stability
                                                    1. mRNA Decay Pathways
                                                      1. Regulatory Elements in mRNA
                                                        1. AU-Rich Elements
                                                          1. Stem-Loop Structures
                                                        2. mRNA Degradation
                                                          1. Exonucleases and Endonucleases
                                                            1. Nonsense-Mediated Decay
                                                            2. RNA Interference
                                                              1. Mechanisms of RNAi
                                                                1. RNA-Induced Silencing Complex
                                                                  1. MicroRNAs
                                                                    1. Biogenesis and Function
                                                                      1. Target Recognition
                                                                        1. miRNA Families in Plants
                                                                        2. Small Interfering RNAs
                                                                          1. Biogenesis and Function
                                                                            1. Role in Gene Silencing
                                                                              1. Trans-acting siRNAs
                                                                          2. Translational and Post-Translational Regulation
                                                                            1. Control of Translation Initiation
                                                                              1. Regulatory Sequences in mRNA
                                                                                1. Upstream Open Reading Frames
                                                                                  1. Internal Ribosome Entry Sites
                                                                                  2. Protein Targeting and Localization
                                                                                    1. Signal Peptides
                                                                                      1. Organelle Targeting
                                                                                        1. Chloroplast Targeting
                                                                                          1. Mitochondrial Targeting
                                                                                            1. Nuclear Targeting
                                                                                          2. Protein Degradation
                                                                                            1. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
                                                                                              1. Ubiquitin Conjugation
                                                                                                1. Proteasome Structure
                                                                                                2. Autophagy Pathways
                                                                                                  1. Macroautophagy
                                                                                                    1. Microautophagy

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                                                                                              3. Core Molecular Processes in Plants

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                                                                                              5. Plant Development and Gene Regulation