Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology

  1. Core Molecular Processes in Plants
    1. DNA Replication
      1. Structure of the Replication Fork
        1. Leading and Lagging Strands
          1. Replication Machinery Assembly
          2. Key Enzymes and Proteins
            1. DNA Polymerases
              1. DNA Polymerase Alpha
                1. DNA Polymerase Delta
                  1. DNA Polymerase Epsilon
                  2. Helicases
                    1. Primases
                      1. Ligases
                        1. Single-Strand Binding Proteins
                          1. Topoisomerases
                          2. Replication in Nuclear Genomes
                            1. Origin of Replication
                              1. Replication Timing and Regulation
                                1. Chromatin Remodeling During Replication
                                2. Replication in Organellar Genomes
                                  1. Chloroplast DNA Replication
                                    1. Mitochondrial DNA Replication
                                      1. Organellar DNA Polymerases
                                      2. DNA Repair Mechanisms
                                        1. Proofreading and Mismatch Repair
                                          1. Excision Repair Pathways
                                            1. Base Excision Repair
                                              1. Nucleotide Excision Repair
                                              2. Double-Strand Break Repair
                                            2. Transcription From DNA to RNA
                                              1. RNA Polymerases in Plants
                                                1. RNA Polymerase I
                                                  1. RNA Polymerase II
                                                    1. RNA Polymerase III
                                                      1. Organellar RNA Polymerases
                                                      2. Promoter Elements
                                                        1. Core Promoters
                                                          1. TATA Box
                                                            1. Initiator Elements
                                                            2. Enhancers and Silencers
                                                              1. Tissue-Specific Promoters
                                                              2. Transcription Factors
                                                                1. General Transcription Factors
                                                                  1. Specific Transcription Factors
                                                                    1. DNA-Binding Domains
                                                                      1. Activation Domains
                                                                    2. The Transcription Process
                                                                      1. Initiation
                                                                        1. Preinitiation Complex Formation
                                                                          1. Promoter Clearance
                                                                          2. Elongation
                                                                            1. RNA Polymerase II Elongation
                                                                              1. Transcriptional Pausing
                                                                              2. Termination
                                                                                1. Polyadenylation-Dependent Termination
                                                                                  1. Intrinsic Termination
                                                                                2. RNA Processing in Eukaryotic Plant Cells
                                                                                  1. 5' Capping
                                                                                    1. Cap Structure
                                                                                      1. Capping Enzymes
                                                                                      2. 3' Polyadenylation
                                                                                        1. Polyadenylation Signals
                                                                                          1. Cleavage and Polyadenylation
                                                                                          2. Splicing
                                                                                            1. Spliceosome Structure and Function
                                                                                              1. Alternative Splicing
                                                                                                1. Exon Skipping
                                                                                                  1. Intron Retention
                                                                                                    1. Alternative 5' and 3' Splice Sites
                                                                                                  2. RNA Editing in Plant Organelles
                                                                                                    1. C-to-U Editing
                                                                                                      1. Editing Factors
                                                                                                  3. Translation From RNA to Protein
                                                                                                    1. The Genetic Code
                                                                                                      1. Codon Usage in Plants
                                                                                                        1. Start and Stop Codons
                                                                                                          1. Wobble Base Pairing
                                                                                                          2. Ribosome Structure and Function
                                                                                                            1. Plant Ribosome Components
                                                                                                              1. 80S Cytoplasmic Ribosomes
                                                                                                                1. 70S Organellar Ribosomes
                                                                                                                2. Ribosome Biogenesis
                                                                                                                  1. Ribosomal RNA Processing
                                                                                                                  2. Transfer RNA
                                                                                                                    1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                      1. tRNA Charging
                                                                                                                        1. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
                                                                                                                        2. The Translation Process
                                                                                                                          1. Initiation
                                                                                                                            1. Ribosome Binding
                                                                                                                              1. Start Codon Recognition
                                                                                                                              2. Elongation
                                                                                                                                1. Peptide Bond Formation
                                                                                                                                  1. Translocation
                                                                                                                                  2. Termination
                                                                                                                                    1. Stop Codon Recognition
                                                                                                                                      1. Release Factors
                                                                                                                                    2. Post-Translational Modifications
                                                                                                                                      1. Phosphorylation
                                                                                                                                        1. Glycosylation
                                                                                                                                          1. Proteolytic Processing
                                                                                                                                            1. Protein Folding and Chaperones
                                                                                                                                              1. Protein Targeting

                                                                                                                                          Previous

                                                                                                                                          2. The Plant Genome Structure and Organization

                                                                                                                                          Go to top

                                                                                                                                          Next

                                                                                                                                          4. Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants