Photogrammetry

3.

Camera Systems and Imaging Principles

3.1.

3.1.1.

Pinhole Camera Model

3.1.1.1.

3.1.1.2.

Image Formation Process

3.1.1.3.

Limitations and Assumptions

3.1.2.

Perspective Projection

3.1.2.1.

Central Projection Principles

3.1.2.2.

Perspective Transformation

3.2.

Lens Systems and Optics

3.2.1.

3.2.1.1.

Definition and Measurement

3.2.1.2.

Effect on Image Scale

3.2.1.3.

Field of View Relationship

3.2.2.

Aperture Control

3.2.2.1.

3.2.2.2.

Depth of Field Effects

3.2.2.3.

Exposure Control

3.2.3.

3.2.3.1.

3.2.3.2.

3.2.3.3.

Wide-Angle Lenses

3.2.3.4.

Telephoto Lenses

3.2.4.

Lens Distortions

3.2.4.1.

Radial Distortion

3.2.4.1.1.

Barrel Distortion

3.2.4.1.2.

Pincushion Distortion

3.2.4.1.3.

Mathematical Models

3.2.4.2.

Tangential Distortion

3.2.4.2.1.

Decentering Distortion

3.2.4.2.2.

Thin Prism Distortion

3.2.4.3.

Chromatic Aberration

3.3.

Digital Image Sensors

3.3.1.

Sensor Technologies

3.3.1.1.

3.3.1.2.

3.3.1.3.

Performance Comparison

3.3.2.

Sensor Characteristics

3.3.2.1.

Sensor Size and Format

3.3.2.2.

Pixel Size and Pitch

3.3.2.3.

Resolution and Megapixels

3.3.2.4.

3.3.2.5.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

3.3.3.

3.3.3.1.

Bayer Filter Pattern

3.3.3.2.

Color Interpolation

3.3.3.3.

Color Spaces and Profiles

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4. Geometric Principles and Mathematical Models