Ornithology

  1. Avian Conservation
    1. Threats to Bird Populations
      1. Habitat Loss and Degradation
        1. Deforestation
          1. Urbanization
            1. Agricultural Intensification
              1. Wetland Destruction
              2. Climate Change Impacts
                1. Range Shifts
                  1. Phenological Mismatches
                    1. Extreme Weather Events
                      1. Sea Level Rise
                      2. Pollution Effects
                        1. Pesticide Contamination
                          1. Plastic Pollution
                            1. Oil Spills
                              1. Heavy Metal Contamination
                                1. Light Pollution
                                2. Invasive Species
                                  1. Introduced Predators
                                    1. Invasive Plants
                                      1. Disease Vectors
                                      2. Direct Human Impacts
                                        1. Hunting and Trapping
                                          1. Illegal Trade
                                            1. Building Collisions
                                              1. Wind Turbine Mortality
                                                1. Power Line Collisions
                                              2. Conservation Status Assessment
                                                1. IUCN Red List Categories
                                                  1. Extinct
                                                    1. Extinct in the Wild
                                                      1. Critically Endangered
                                                        1. Endangered
                                                          1. Vulnerable
                                                            1. Near Threatened
                                                              1. Least Concern
                                                              2. Population Trend Analysis
                                                                1. Threat Assessment Methods
                                                                2. Conservation Strategies
                                                                  1. Habitat Conservation
                                                                    1. Protected Area Designation
                                                                      1. Habitat Restoration
                                                                        1. Corridor Creation
                                                                          1. Important Bird Areas
                                                                          2. Species-specific Conservation
                                                                            1. Recovery Plans
                                                                              1. Captive Breeding Programs
                                                                                1. Reintroduction Efforts
                                                                                  1. Translocation Programs
                                                                                  2. Policy and Legislation
                                                                                    1. International Treaties
                                                                                      1. National Legislation
                                                                                        1. Regional Agreements
                                                                                        2. Community-based Conservation
                                                                                          1. Citizen Science Programs
                                                                                            1. Education and Outreach
                                                                                              1. Stakeholder Engagement
                                                                                                1. Sustainable Use Programs

                                                                                            Previous

                                                                                            7. Field Ornithology and Research Methods

                                                                                            Go to top

                                                                                            Back to Start

                                                                                            1. Introduction to Ornithology