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Chemistry
Fundamental Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
1. Fundamentals of Structure and Bonding
2. Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups
3. Stereochemistry
4. Acids and Bases in Organic Chemistry
5. Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds
6. Reactions of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
7. Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
8. Substitution and Elimination Reactions
9. Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides
10. Aromatic Compounds and Their Reactions
11. Carbonyl Chemistry: Aldehydes and Ketones
12. Carbonyl Chemistry: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
13. Alpha-Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates
14. Special Topics in Organic Chemistry
Acids and Bases in Organic Chemistry
Acid-Base Theories
Arrhenius Theory
Brønsted-Lowry Theory
Proton Donors and Acceptors
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
Lewis Theory
Electron Pair Acceptors and Donors
Acid Strength and Equilibria
Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)
pKa Values
Relationship Between Ka and pKa
Water Autoionization
pH and pOH
Predicting Acid-Base Reactions
Direction of Equilibrium
Relative Acid and Base Strengths
Equilibrium Constants
Structural Effects on Acidity
Periodic Trends
Element Effects
Size Effects
Inductive Effects
Electron-Withdrawing Groups
Electron-Donating Groups
Resonance Effects
Resonance Stabilization of Conjugate Base
Hybridization Effects
s Character and Acidity
Solvent Effects
Protic vs Aprotic Solvents
Structural Effects on Basicity
Availability of Lone Pairs
Inductive Effects on Basicity
Resonance Effects on Basicity
Hybridization Effects on Basicity
Lewis Acids and Bases in Organic Chemistry
Common Lewis Acids
Common Lewis Bases
Applications in Organic Reactions
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5. Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds