Organic Chemistry

  1. Carbonyl Chemistry: Aldehydes and Ketones
    1. Structure and Properties
      1. Carbonyl Group Geometry
        1. Physical Properties
          1. Spectroscopic Properties
          2. Nomenclature
            1. IUPAC Names
              1. Common Names
              2. Synthesis of Aldehydes and Ketones
                1. Oxidation of Alcohols
                  1. Ozonolysis of Alkenes
                    1. Hydration of Alkynes
                      1. Friedel-Crafts Acylation
                      2. Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
                        1. General Mechanism
                          1. Hydration
                            1. Mechanism
                              1. Equilibrium
                              2. Acetal and Ketal Formation
                                1. Mechanism
                                  1. Protecting Groups
                                  2. Imine Formation
                                    1. Primary Amines
                                      1. Mechanism
                                      2. Enamine Formation
                                        1. Secondary Amines
                                          1. Mechanism
                                          2. Cyanohydrin Formation
                                            1. Addition of Organometallic Reagents
                                              1. Grignard Reagents
                                                1. Organolithium Reagents
                                                  1. Mechanism
                                                    1. Stereochemistry
                                                    2. Reduction Reactions
                                                      1. Metal Hydride Reduction
                                                        1. Sodium Borohydride
                                                          1. Lithium Aluminum Hydride
                                                          2. Catalytic Hydrogenation
                                                          3. Wittig Reaction
                                                            1. Mechanism
                                                              1. Stereochemistry
                                                            2. Oxidation of Aldehydes
                                                              1. To Carboxylic Acids
                                                                1. Oxidizing Agents
                                                                  1. Tollens' Test
                                                                    1. Benedict's Test

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                                                                  12. Carbonyl Chemistry: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives