Operating Systems

  1. Memory Management
    1. Memory Management Fundamentals
      1. Address Space Concepts
        1. Logical Address Space
          1. Physical Address Space
            1. Address Translation
            2. Address Binding
              1. Compile-Time Binding
                1. Load-Time Binding
                  1. Execution-Time Binding
                  2. Memory Management Unit
                    1. Address Translation Hardware
                      1. Memory Protection
                        1. Address Space Switching
                        2. Dynamic Loading and Linking
                          1. Dynamic Loading
                            1. Dynamic Linking
                              1. Shared Libraries
                            2. Memory Allocation Strategies
                              1. Swapping
                                1. Swap Space Management
                                  1. Process Swapping
                                    1. Swap Performance
                                    2. Contiguous Memory Allocation
                                      1. Memory Protection
                                        1. Base Register
                                          1. Limit Register
                                            1. Hardware Protection
                                            2. Memory Allocation Methods
                                              1. First-Fit Algorithm
                                                1. Best-Fit Algorithm
                                                  1. Worst-Fit Algorithm
                                                  2. Fragmentation Issues
                                                    1. External Fragmentation
                                                      1. Internal Fragmentation
                                                        1. Compaction Techniques
                                                    2. Paging Systems
                                                      1. Paging Fundamentals
                                                        1. Page and Frame Concept
                                                          1. Page Table Structure
                                                            1. Address Translation Process
                                                            2. Hardware Support
                                                              1. Page Table Base Register
                                                                1. Translation Lookaside Buffer
                                                                  1. TLB Management
                                                                  2. Page Table Implementation
                                                                    1. Simple Page Tables
                                                                      1. Hierarchical Page Tables
                                                                        1. Hashed Page Tables
                                                                          1. Inverted Page Tables
                                                                          2. Memory Protection
                                                                            1. Valid-Invalid Bits
                                                                              1. Protection Bits
                                                                                1. Access Rights Management
                                                                              2. Segmentation
                                                                                1. Segmentation Concept
                                                                                  1. Logical Segmentation
                                                                                    1. Segment Table
                                                                                      1. Segment Addressing
                                                                                      2. Hardware Support
                                                                                        1. Segment Table Base Register
                                                                                          1. Segment Table Length Register
                                                                                            1. Segment Protection
                                                                                            2. Segmentation with Paging
                                                                                              1. Combined Approach
                                                                                                1. Address Translation
                                                                                                  1. Implementation Benefits
                                                                                                2. Virtual Memory
                                                                                                  1. Virtual Memory Concepts
                                                                                                    1. Virtual Address Space
                                                                                                      1. Physical Memory Independence
                                                                                                        1. Memory Overcommitment
                                                                                                        2. Demand Paging
                                                                                                          1. Page Fault Handling
                                                                                                            1. Lazy Loading
                                                                                                              1. Page Replacement Necessity
                                                                                                              2. Page Fault Processing
                                                                                                                1. Page Fault Detection
                                                                                                                  1. Page Loading Process
                                                                                                                    1. Instruction Restart
                                                                                                                    2. Copy-on-Write
                                                                                                                      1. Shared Page Management
                                                                                                                        1. Write Protection
                                                                                                                          1. Page Duplication
                                                                                                                          2. Page Replacement Algorithms
                                                                                                                            1. Optimal Algorithm
                                                                                                                              1. FIFO Algorithm
                                                                                                                                1. LRU Algorithm
                                                                                                                                  1. LRU Approximation
                                                                                                                                    1. Second-Chance Algorithm
                                                                                                                                      1. Enhanced Second-Chance
                                                                                                                                        1. Clock Algorithm
                                                                                                                                      2. Frame Allocation
                                                                                                                                        1. Equal Allocation
                                                                                                                                          1. Proportional Allocation
                                                                                                                                            1. Priority Allocation
                                                                                                                                              1. Global vs Local Allocation
                                                                                                                                              2. Thrashing
                                                                                                                                                1. Thrashing Causes
                                                                                                                                                  1. Working Set Model
                                                                                                                                                    1. Page Fault Frequency
                                                                                                                                                      1. Thrashing Prevention

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                                                                                                                                                  5. Process Synchronization

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                                                                                                                                                  7. Storage Management