Motor Learning and Control

  1. Principles of Motor Control
    1. Control System Types
      1. Open-Loop Control
        1. Feedforward Mechanisms
          1. Motor Program Execution
            1. Ballistic Movement Control
              1. Limitations and Applications
              2. Closed-Loop Control
                1. Feedback Components
                  1. Reference Signal
                    1. Comparator Function
                      1. Error Detection
                        1. Corrective Action
                        2. Feedback Types
                          1. Intrinsic Feedback
                            1. Augmented Feedback
                            2. Control Loops
                              1. Short-Loop Reflexes
                                1. Long-Loop Reflexes
                                  1. Voluntary Corrections
                              2. Motor Programming
                                1. Generalized Motor Programs
                                  1. Invariant Features
                                    1. Relative Timing
                                      1. Relative Force
                                        1. Sequence Structure
                                        2. Parameters
                                          1. Overall Duration
                                            1. Overall Force
                                              1. Effector Selection
                                              2. Evidence for GMPs
                                                1. Transfer Studies
                                                  1. Timing Relationships
                                                2. Motor Program Hierarchies
                                                  1. High-Level Programs
                                                    1. Subroutine Organization
                                                      1. Parameter Specification
                                                    2. Dynamical Systems Approach
                                                      1. Self-Organization
                                                        1. Emergent Coordination
                                                          1. Spontaneous Pattern Formation
                                                          2. Attractor Dynamics
                                                            1. Stable States
                                                              1. Phase Transitions
                                                                1. Hysteresis Effects
                                                                2. Control Parameters
                                                                  1. Movement Frequency
                                                                    1. Amplitude Scaling
                                                                      1. Environmental Constraints
                                                                      2. Order Parameters
                                                                        1. Relative Phase
                                                                          1. Coordination Patterns
                                                                          2. Constraints on Movement
                                                                            1. Organismic Constraints
                                                                              1. Anatomical Limitations
                                                                                1. Physiological Capacities
                                                                                2. Task Constraints
                                                                                  1. Goal Requirements
                                                                                    1. Rule Specifications
                                                                                    2. Environmental Constraints
                                                                                      1. Physical Properties
                                                                                        1. Informational Variables
                                                                                    3. Speed-Accuracy Relationships
                                                                                      1. Fitts's Law
                                                                                        1. Index of Difficulty
                                                                                          1. Movement Time Predictions
                                                                                            1. Information Processing Interpretation
                                                                                            2. Schmidt's Law
                                                                                              1. Linear Speed-Accuracy Trade-off
                                                                                                1. Impulse Variability Model
                                                                                                  1. Applications to Rapid Movements
                                                                                                  2. Optimized Submovement Models
                                                                                                    1. Primary Submovement
                                                                                                      1. Corrective Submovements
                                                                                                        1. Dual-Strategy Hypothesis

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                                                                                                    2. Neural Foundations of Motor Control

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                                                                                                    4. Sensory Contributions to Motor Control